{
  "abstract": "This study evaluated the off-the-shelf predictive accuracy of four original W'-balance recovery models (Morton and Billat linear, W'BAL-INT, W'BAL-ODE and W'BAL-CAEN) and proposed a single-coefficient modified linear formulation (Linear_mod) for predicting high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performance with passive recovery in trained runners. Twenty-seven trained runners completed a 9/3-min running critical power (CP) test and two open-ended HIIT sessions to volitional exhaustion at 108% CP with a 2:1 work: rest ratio. Work intervals were individualized so that energy expenditure above CP equalled 40% (HIIT40%) or 60% (HIIT60%) of W'. The original models were applied using their published parameters. All substantially over-predicted the number of intervals completed (pooled MAE 26.4-72.4 intervals; bias +20.1 to +72.4). Linear_mod with its default recovery coefficient (R = 1) achieved a MAE of 4.85 intervals. Optimizing R at the population level (R = 1.63) reduced MAE to 2.85 intervals, while athlete-specific optimisation (R = 1.54 ± 0.29) reduced MAE to 0.55 intervals. Individual R values were stable between protocols (within-subject CV = 9.9%). Original W'-balance models did not accurately predict running HIIT performance, whereas Linear_mod provided high predictive accuracy using a single athlete-specific recovery coefficient.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.",
    "Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.",
    "Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.",
    "Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.",
    "Sport Training Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.",
    "Research Group in Health, Physical Activity, and Sports Technology, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Spain."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Felipe García-Pinillos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Diego Jaén-Carrillo",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0588-0871"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Leonardo Riquelme-Sebastián"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Santiago Alejo Ruiz-Alias"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Iván Fernández-Navarrete"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Fernando González-Mohino"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Violeta Muñoz de la Cruz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Javier Olaya-Cuartero"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8gb78cha8pgkq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.14814/phy2.71152",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683559",
  "id": "8gb78cha8pgkq",
  "issns": [
    "2051-817X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902450",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QP1-981"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2732|Sports Performance and Training"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223063904",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683559?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13683559",
  "pmid": "42902450",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8gb78cha8pgkq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:37Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42902450",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902450"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T14:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "c883b83904c2409da78bcc577cd0badf",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.71152"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2732|Sports Performance and Training",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Original W'-balance models do not transfer to high-intensity interval training in trained adult runners: Proposal of a single-coefficient linear alternative.",
  "title_text": "Original W'-balance models do not transfer to high-intensity interval training in trained adult runners: Proposal of a single-coefficient linear alternative.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T14:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8gb78cha8pgkq",
  "venue": "Physiological reports",
  "versions": []
}