{
  "abstract": "Baryon-number-violating (BNV) nucleon decays into a light new particle represent an exciting yet experimentally unexplored frontier. In this work, we systematically study nucleon decays into a dark photon using a low-energy effective field theory extended with a dark photon $X$, referred to as $X$LEFT. We first construct a complete set of leading-order BNV $X$LEFT operators and then perform a systematic matching onto the chiral perturbation theory for operators involving light $u,d,s$ quarks that dominantly contribute to nucleon decays. Within the chiral framework, we derive general expressions for the decay widths of both two- and three-body nucleon decays and analyze the momentum distributions in the latter. Finally, we thoroughly reinterpret the existing experimental data on conventional two-body modes (into a lepton and a meson) to set lower bounds on partial lifetimes of the corresponding three-body modes involving an additional dark photon. These bounds allow us to further set stringent constraints on the $X$LEFT operators and other correlated decay modes. Our results provide a toolkit for future experimental and theoretical studies of these exotic nucleon decays.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2607.22452",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Jin-Han Liang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yi Liao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiao-Dong Ma"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiang Zhao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8grnrhz56bp2b.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2607.22452",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8grnrhz56bp2b",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.22452",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-ph"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.22452",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8grnrhz56bp2b.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:12Z",
      "native_id": "2607.22452",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.22452"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:hep-ph",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Baryon-number-violating nucleon decays into a dark photon particle",
  "title_text": "Baryon-number-violating nucleon decays into a dark photon particle",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:12Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8grnrhz56bp2b",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}