{
  "abstract": "Although tear biomarkers are routinely determined using various clinical methods, most current techniques are complex, time-consuming, and require expensive equipment. Therefore, point-of-care (POC) testing is attracting considerable attention for rapid and noninvasive analyses. Here, we present a dual-function colorimetric Schirmer strip for the simultaneous determination of tear glucose and pH using the naked eye and image processing software. In our approach, horseradish peroxidase-glucose oxidase nanoflowers (HRP–GOx@NF) are used for glucose detection, and red cabbage-derived anthocyanins are used as a pH-sensitive, nontoxic indicator. In glucose detection, the catalytic stepwise reaction of HRP–GOx@NF produced a distinct blue color within 30 s by enabling the rapid oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of glucose, and this optimized platform exhibited a visual detection limit of 0.5 mM. Additionally, the anthocyanin-modified Schirmer strip simultaneously displayed distinct color transitions in response to varying pH values of the artificial tear fluid. This work presents a novel multiparametric paper platform that uniquely upgrades standard Schirmer strips for simultaneous, single-step tear collection, glucose sensing, and pH mapping without altering fluid flow. Like this, it demonstrates a rapid, cost-effective, and easy-to-prepare diagnostic tool offering significant advantages over conventional methods.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Kayseri State Hospital , , ,",
    "Erciyes University , , ,",
    "Yıldız Technical University , , , ,",
    "Kirsehir Ahi Evran University , , ,",
    "University of Health Sciences , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zekeriya Cetinkaya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nimet Temur",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1882-2315"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Umut Gorkem Kocabas"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Sadik Kucukgunay"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Humeyra Aslaner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ismail Ocsoy",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5991-3934"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8gy8hgdyr5r14.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c10289",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13717788/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "8gy8hgdyr5r14",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/42/65895/5450545/A-Smartphone-Assisted-Schirmer-Strip-for-Rapid",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Biosensors and Analytical Detection"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221639431",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c10289",
  "pmcid": "PMC13717788",
  "pmid": "42959653",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8gy8hgdyr5r14.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c10289",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/42/65895/5450545/A-Smartphone-Assisted-Schirmer-Strip-for-Rapid"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13717788",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13717788"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:52Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42959653",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42959653"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:22:03Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13717788",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c10289"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2470-1343",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A Smartphone-Assisted Schirmer Strip for Rapid Dual Colorimetric Sensing of Tear Glucose and pH Level",
  "title_text": "A Smartphone-Assisted Schirmer Strip for Rapid Dual Colorimetric Sensing of Tear Glucose and pH Level",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:22:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8gy8hgdyr5r14",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}