{
  "abstract": "Recognition of pathogens by immune receptors is essential for immune response activation in plants. The NLR (Nucleotide-binding, Leucine-rich repeat) family of intracellular immune receptors recognise the presence of pathogens from within host plant cells. Some NLRs are exclusively ‘paired,’ and require each other for function. With the pathogen sensing and immune activation function separated between the ‘sensor’ and the ‘executor’ NLR, the paired NLR system is promising target for engineering for broad spectrum disease resistance. Here, we review our current understanding of the diversity, molecular mechanism, and evolution of Arabidopsis paired NLRs with N-terminal TIR (Toll, Interleukin-1 receptor) domains (TIR-NLRs). We conclude with examples of paired TIR-NLRs beyond Arabidopsis and Brassicaceae species.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Daniel Rutherford Building, Kings Buildings, University of Edinburgh"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hayden Burdett"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tana L. Holmes"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hee-Kyung Ahn"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8gysv5xwzy858.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1958275",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13725568/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "8gysv5xwzy858",
  "issns": [
    "1664-462X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1958275/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222940959",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1958275/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13725568",
  "pmid": "42973954",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8gysv5xwzy858.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1958275",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1958275/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13725568",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13725568"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:23:55Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13725568",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1958275"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:48Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42973954",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42973954"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Paired TIR-NLRs of Arabidopsis thaliana have diverse recognition and activation mechanisms",
  "title_text": "Paired TIR-NLRs of Arabidopsis thaliana have diverse recognition and activation mechanisms",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:21:46Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8gysv5xwzy858",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Plant Science",
  "versions": []
}