{
  "abstract": "Osmoregulatory stress is a critical factor in the welfare and performance of salmonids under captive rearing for aquaculture and conservation, and characterizing cellular responses to that stress may foster better husbandry. One approach for early detection of osmotic stress is gene transcriptional profiling, where a suite of qPCR assays designed for related-function genes is used to determine patterns of transcriptional responses to stress. This study describes the development, assessment and application of 28 Taqman qPCR assays for use on the OpenArray® platform as an osmoregulatory stress transcriptional profiling (OSTP) chip. The assays include key genes involved in osmoregulation (twelve), stress response (four), immune function (five), growth/metabolism (four) and endogenous controls (three). Here, using gill and liver tissues from eight salmonid species across four genera, the OSTP chip’s performance was evaluated. While results showed both tissue- and species-specific transcriptional differences, the OSTP chip has considerable utility for characterizing molecular stress responses. As a test application of the OSTP chip, we performed a 24-hour saltwater challenge with Chinook salmon and applied the chip to control and challenged fish. This test confirmed the OSTP chip’s capacity to detect acute osmotic stress-induced molecular genetic signatures. This OSTP chip will be useful for aquaculture practices by fostering better husbandry as well as providing a valuable tool for future studies of the osmoregulatory response of salmonid fishes to environmental stress.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biology, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada",
    "Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada",
    "School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nicolas Tugui"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shahinur S. Islam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Daniel D. Heath"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8gzyb92gqv81q.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360513",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8gzyb92gqv81q",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360513",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2303|Physiological and biochemical adaptations"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Animal anatomy/Aquatic respiratory anatomy/Gills"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Respiratory system/Gills"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Osmotic shock"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Gene expression/DNA transcription"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Marine biology/Marine fish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish/Marine fish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish/Osteichthyes/Salmon"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish/Osteichthyes/Trout"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animal anatomy/Aquatic respiratory anatomy/Gills"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animal physiology/Vertebrate physiology/Fish physiology"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish/Marine fish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish/Osteichthyes/Salmon"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish/Osteichthyes/Trout"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Fish biology/Fish physiology"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Earth sciences/Marine and aquatic sciences/Marine biology/Marine fish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Animal anatomy/Aquatic respiratory anatomy/Gills"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Respiratory system/Gills"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221163126",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0360513&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8gzyb92gqv81q.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360513",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360513"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:zoology",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Gene transcriptional profiling of osmoregulatory stress response in salmonids: Development and assessment of high-throughput multispecies assays",
  "title_text": "Gene transcriptional profiling of osmoregulatory stress response in salmonids: Development and assessment of high-throughput multispecies assays",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8gzyb92gqv81q",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}