{
  "abstract": "Implant-associated infections (IAIs) represent one of the most challenging complications following orthopedic implantation. Current antibacterial strategies struggle to achieve complete pathogen eradication while maintaining sustained osteogenic activity at the implant-bone interface. Leveraging the spatial divergence in energy metabolism between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, we designed and synthesized guanidine-quaternary ammonium polymer-derived carbon dots (GQCDs) with confirmed structure. Under non-infected conditions, GQCDs enhance mitochondrial metabolism to promote bone regeneration. In infected microenvironments, GQCDs not only selectively target bacterial membranes and inhibit the respiratory chain to exert potent antibacterial effects, but also downregulate host inflammatory responses and restore mitochondrial function in osteoblasts, thereby creating a favorable microenvironment for bone repair. GQCDs can be stably integrated onto various clinical implant substrates via a coating process. GQCDs-coated implants possessed the dual antibacterial and osteogenic functionalities, which were validated using in vitro co-culture systems and in vivo implant infection models in rats and beagles, offering a promising strategy with encouraging translational prospects to address IAIs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.",
    "Department of Orthopaedics, The 961th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Qiqihar, 161000, China.",
    "Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.",
    "Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710072, China.",
    "College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.",
    "Military Medical Innovation Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 22,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xinxin Bai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Anhui Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhenguo Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Guang Kong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Menghan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hongyu Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rui Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yue Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yongfeng Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qi Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ziqing Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bing Xia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shengyou Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yiming Hao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mingze Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dong Lei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lingli Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Meijia Su"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhuojing Luo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shaohuang Weng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Teng Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jinghui Huang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8hrgabyp5f3m6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.09.048",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13682475",
  "id": "8hrgabyp5f3m6",
  "issns": [
    "2452-199X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42904193",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221538645",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13682475?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13682475",
  "pmid": "42904193",
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8hrgabyp5f3m6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42904193",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42904193"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Guanidine-quaternary ammonium polymer-derived carbon dots differentially modulate bacterial respiration and osteoblast mitochondria to resolve infection and foster osteointegration.",
  "title_text": "Guanidine-quaternary ammonium polymer-derived carbon dots differentially modulate bacterial respiration and osteoblast mitochondria to resolve infection and foster osteointegration.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8hrgabyp5f3m6",
  "venue": "Bioactive materials",
  "versions": []
}