{
  "abstract": "Frost tolerance limits the expansion of winter durum wheat ( Triticum durum ) into continental zones. Its control is attributed mainly to chromosome 5A loci, Fr-A2 [the CBF cluster: CBF-A14 copy number variation (CNV) and a non-CNV component], and Fr-A1 / VRN-A1 . We assessed candidate KASP (kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction) markers in the Russian winter durum wheat gene pool (161 accessions) and in a segregating F ₂ panel from crosses with foreign frost-susceptible lines. Frost tolerance was measured as the percentage of plants surviving a controlled freezing test. In the collection, the favorable Fr-A2 class is nearly fixed at all four markers of the CBF-A14 copy-number haplotype [minor allele frequency (MAF), 0.04 to 0.08]. Minor-class lines survive at 7.3% to 13.5% against 43.7% to 45.4%, but only 2 of the 15 come from the Krasnodar program, a contrast confounded with origin. The frequency of the favorable class rose from 0.60 to 0.87 among accessions entered into State Variety Trials before 2000 to 0.95 to 1.00 after 2010. The non-CNV component S1051014 is polymorphic and not associated with the trait ( p = 0.442). In the F ₂ panel, the dose of the adapted-parent allele among survivors rose from 1.510 to 1.750 at S2269949 (within-family randomization test, one-sided p = 0.005, two-sided p = 0.010) and from 1.752 to 1.958 at S1077313 ( p = 0.038 and 0.076). Of three polymorphic independent non- Fr loci, 7B (Mor866) showed no effect, whereas 1B (Mor587, allele T) and 5B (Mor534, allele G) showed a nominal effect of the same direction, approximately 7 to 8 percentage points ( p = 0.048 and 0.052); the long-vernalization VRN-A1 allele was associated with higher survival ( p = 0.019). These markers, untested in segregating material, are presented as candidates. Later heading accompanied higher survival (+0.0142 per day on the angular scale, p = 0.0004, n = 155), largely a between-program contrast. The Fr-A2 markers are the most valuable when external frost-susceptible material is used. With Fr-A2 fixed, the choice of marker follows from the crossing plan rather than from the published effect size.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology",
    "P. P. Lukyanenko National Grain Center"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mikhail G. Divashuk"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Aleksey S. Yanovsky"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Varvara A. Gorskaia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alexandra A. Mudrova"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maria S. Esina"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ludmila A. Bespalova"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Viktoria S. Voronezhskaya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mikhail G. Monakhos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Anastasiya D. Voropaeva"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anastasiya G. Chernook"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Andrey V. Arkhipov"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Daniil S. Ulyanov"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gennady I. Karlov"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8kw0jqfextdpk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1959465",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8kw0jqfextdpk",
  "issns": [
    "1664-462X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1959465/full",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223097347",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1959465/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8kw0jqfextdpk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1959465",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1959465/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The practical value of frost-tolerance markers in winter durum wheat breeding",
  "title_text": "The practical value of frost-tolerance markers in winter durum wheat breeding",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8kw0jqfextdpk",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Plant Science",
  "versions": []
}