{
  "abstract": "Eukaryotic genomes generate a plethora of polyadenylated (pA + ) RNAs 1,2 , that are packaged into ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs). To ensure faithful gene expression, functional pA + RNPs, including protein-coding RNPs, are exported to the cytoplasm, while transcripts within non-functional pA + RNPs are degraded in the nucleus 1–4 . How cells distinguish these opposing fates remains unknown. The DExD-box ATPase UAP56/DDX39B is a central component of functional pA + RNPs, promoting their docking to the nuclear pore complex (NPC)-anchored ‘transcription and export complex 2 (TREX-2)’ (ref. 5,6 ), which triggers transcript release from UAP56 to facilitate export (ref. 7,8 ). Here, we uncover that the ‘Poly(A) tail exosome targeting (PAXT)’ connection 9 harbors its own TREX-2-like module, which releases pA + RNAs from UAP56 for decay by the nuclear exosome. The core of this module consists of a LENG8-PCID2-SEM1 (LENG8-PS) trimer, which we show is structurally and functionally equivalent to the central GANP-PCID2-SEM1 (GANP-PS) trimer of TREX-2. Mutagenesis and transcriptomic data demonstrate that the nuclear fate of pA + RNPs is governed by the contending actions of nucleoplasmic PAXT and NPC-associated TREX-2, which interpret RNA-bound UAP56 as a signal for RNA decay or export, respectively. As RNA targets of PAXT are generally short and intron-poor, we propose an overall model for pA + RNP fate determination, whereby the distinct sub-nuclear localizations of PAXT and TREX-2 govern the degradation of short non-functional pA + RNAs while allowing export of their longer and functional counterparts.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark",
    "Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University",
    "Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany",
    "Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria",
    "Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria",
    "Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)",
    "Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria",
    "Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)",
    "Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland",
    "Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research",
    "Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark",
    "Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark",
    "Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)",
    "Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria. julius.brennecke@imba.oeaw.ac.at",
    "Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria. clemens.plaschka@imp.ac.at",
    "Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. thj@mbg.au.dk"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Andrii Bugai",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1920-6044"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Ulrich Hohmann",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2124-1439"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ana Lorenzo",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0249-4927"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        6,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Max Graf",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-0756-5173"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Laura Fin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jérôme O. Rouvière",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0269-1971"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        7
      ],
      "name": "László Tirián"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Yuhui Dou",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4291-4671"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Marion Le Rest",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-8682-6944"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Patrik Polák"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Dennis Johnsen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Lis Jakobsen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Jens Andersen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6091-140X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Julius Brennecke",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5141-0814"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Clemens Plaschka",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6020-9514"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15
      ],
      "name": "Torben Heick Jensen",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5127-1239"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8mc0v2jtrew07.bib",
  "cited_by": 7,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41586-026-10650-0",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8mc0v2jtrew07",
  "issns": [
    "0028-0836",
    "1476-4687"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10650-0",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|RNA Research and Splicing"
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  "openalex": "W4414304451",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13391367",
  "pmid": "42310446",
  "published": "2026-06-17",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8mc0v2jtrew07.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:48Z",
      "native_id": "W4414304451",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10650-0"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|RNA Research and Splicing",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Molecular basis of polyadenylated RNA fate determination in the nucleus",
  "title_text": "Molecular basis of polyadenylated RNA fate determination in the nucleus",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T13:20:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8mc0v2jtrew07",
  "venue": "Nature",
  "versions": []
}