{
  "abstract": "Context. Conspicuous excess emission is present in the near-infrared (NIR) region in various objects, including reflection nebulae, planetary nebulae, and nearby galaxies. However, the spatial distribution and spectral shape of the excess emission remain poorly understood.\n\nAims. We studied the NIR continuum emission spectroscopically and obtained its spatial distribution relative to the aromatic infrared band (AIB) at 3.3 µm in the Orion Bar prototypical photodissociation region (PDR). We aim to characterize its spectral shape and discuss its origin.\n\nMethods. We employed 3D spectroscopic data of the Orion Bar taken with the integrated field unit of NIRSpec on JWST from the Early Release Science program “PDRs4All.” Contribution from the foreground ionized gas was estimated using the Cloudy code and subtracted. The observed regions were divided into nine physically distinct regions and an average spectrum was derived for each region.\n\nResults. The nine regions, including the ionized gas, atomic PDR, and molecular PDR, clearly show remaining continuum in the region 1–4.5 µm. The continuum at wavelengths longer than 2.7 µm shows good correlations with the 3.3 µm AIB, while the correlation of the continuum at 1.2 µm is not significant. We further find that the NIR continuum in the Orion Bar can be approximated by a summation of two blackbodies. The low-temperature component correlates with the AIB well, while the high-temperature component does not. The average spectra also show absorption features at 3.0 and 4.27 µm, which are attributed to the presence in the spectra of water ice and CO ₂ ice.\n\nConclusions. We discuss possible origins of the NIR continuum, among which recurrent fluorescence from carbon clusters better explains the observed low-temperature component. The presence of ice species suggests a contribution from a deeper layer of the PDR along the line of sight producing characteristic ice absorption features.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo",
    "Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS",
    "Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario",
    "Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario",
    "Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute",
    "Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES",
    "Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS",
    "NASA Ames Research Center",
    "Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA),Ctra de Torrejón a Ajaalvir",
    "Instituto de Física Fundamental (CSIC)",
    "I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln",
    "Leiden Observatory, Leiden University",
    "Astronomy Department, University of Maryland",
    "Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris",
    "School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Takashi Onaka",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8234-6747"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Emmanuel Dartois",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1197-7143"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Els Peeters",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2541-1602"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Olivier Berné",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1686-8395"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Emilie Habart",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9136-8043"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Christiaan Boersma",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4836-217X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Jan Cami",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2666-9234"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Asunción Fuente",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6317-6343"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Javier R. Goicoechea",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7046-4319"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ozan Lacinbala",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5263-7922"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Yoko Okada",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6838-6435"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Alexander G. G. M. Tielens",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0306-0028"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Dries Van De Putte",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5895-8268"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Francois Boulanger",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1097-6042"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Thomas Pino",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-7866"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Yong Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1086-7922"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8mfxschnf8v32.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202659677",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8mfxschnf8v32",
  "issns": [
    "0004-6361",
    "1432-0746"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202659677",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215119074",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "EDP Sciences",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8mfxschnf8v32.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:18Z",
      "native_id": "10.1051/0004-6361/202659677",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202659677"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "openalex:3103|Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies",
      "subfield": "stellar"
    }
  ],
  "title": "PDRs4All",
  "title_text": "PDRs4All",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8mfxschnf8v32",
  "venue": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
  "versions": []
}