{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nSodium oxybate has an established sedative action, but its contribution to contemporary propofol-based anesthesia remains incompletely characterized. We evaluated induction hemodynamics, propofol use, bispectral index (BIS), and early recovery in elective spine surgery.Methods\n\nIn this single-center randomized trial, 127 patients received propofol alone (P; n = 62) or propofol plus sodium oxybate (PS; n = 65). Planned induction doses were propofol 2.2 versus 1.2 mg/kg, with oxybate 30 mg/kg in PS; recorded propofol doses were lower in both groups. The primary outcome was the mean arterial pressure (MAP) trajectory across 13 induction landmarks. Maximum-likelihood mixed models were supplemented by unstructured-covariance and baseline-adjusted analyses.Results\n\nThe primary group-by-time interaction was not significant (P = 0.607; unstructured covariance, P = 0.719). The baseline-adjusted average post-baseline MAP difference was 1.7 mmHg (PS minus P; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.0-5.5). Systolic-pressure-defined hypotension occurred in 37/62 versus 32/65 patients (risk ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.60-1.14; risk difference, -10.4 percentage points; 95% CI, -26.8-6.7). Recorded total propofol use was 31.4% lower (751.3 versus 515.4 mg; difference, -235.9 mg; 95% CI, -366.0 to -105.9). Maintenance use was also lower under unblinded BIS-guided titration. Post-intubation BIS <40 occurred in 2/62 versus 22/65 patients. The mean surgery-end-to-extubation interval was 10.5 versus 13.6 min (difference, 3.1 min; 95% CI, 0.9-5.2), although both medians were 10 min. Vasoactive-treatment documentation was incomplete.Conclusions\n\nThe oxybate-containing strategy was associated with substantially lower propofol use, lower BIS values, and a longer mean extubation interval; hemodynamic superiority was not demonstrated. These findings define the observed effects and trade-offs of the combined regimen under BIS-guided care and inform further evaluation of dose selection, hypnosis monitoring, and recovery.Clinical trial registration\n\nhttps://www.chictr.org.cn Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2400080686.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Anesthesiology, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital (Tsinghua University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine), Beijing, China.",
    "Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jianfeng Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cuiping Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nanling Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kaixuan Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yimeng Xia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ting Fan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8nbt3p9k2pw52.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fmed.2026.1970835",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13710391",
  "id": "8nbt3p9k2pw52",
  "issns": [
    "2296-858X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948135",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Clinical Trial"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2703|Anesthesia and Sedative Agents"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221660455",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13710391?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13710391",
  "pmid": "42948135",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8nbt3p9k2pw52.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:34Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42948135",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948135"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:22Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13710391",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1970835"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2703|Anesthesia and Sedative Agents",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Sodium oxybate with reduced-dose propofol for anesthesia induction in elective spine surgery: a randomized trial.",
  "title_text": "Sodium oxybate with reduced-dose propofol for anesthesia induction in elective spine surgery: a randomized trial.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:21:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8nbt3p9k2pw52",
  "venue": "Frontiers in medicine",
  "versions": []
}