{
  "abstract": "We evaluated whether participant-separated within-cohort discrimination was retained when electroencephalography (EEG) classifiers for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were applied to a different population and recording task. This exploratory reanalysis included 121 children performing a visual task and 79 adults recorded during eyes-open rest after basic channel screening. Both cohorts used Cz/F4, 128 Hz, and the first fifteen non-overlapping 2-second epochs per participant. Fixed logistic regression and random forest classifiers used spectral, amplitude-derived, and combined features. Internal evaluation used five repetitions of five-fold participant-grouped cross-validation; bidirectional transfer fitted transformations and classifiers only on the source cohort. Adult spectral balanced accuracy (BA) was 0.9519-0.9546, compared with 0.5504-0.5664 in children. Adult spectral logistic regression exceeded all 999 internal label permutations (Monte Carlo p=0.001; within-family Holm-adjusted p=0.002). Paired spectral-minus-amplitude conditional intervals excluded zero in adults but spanned zero in children. Cross-cohort spectral BA was 0.3584-0.4675, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.0309-0.3857 in the unchanged score direction. Increasing pediatric source-epoch budgets moved random-forest AUC toward 0.5, whereas logistic-regression AUC remained below 0.1. Strong adult internal discrimination thus coexisted with reverse cross-cohort ranking. These findings characterize the evaluated pipelines, not clinical diagnostic utility or a unique mechanism: age, task, and acquisition differences were not separated, target results had previously been inspected, and conditional intervals excluded model-refitting uncertainty.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of California Davis"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "B. Liang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8pgp668hvpb1y.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.01.26364474",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.01.26364474v1.full",
  "id": "8pgp668hvpb1y",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.01.26364474v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "psychiatry and clinical psychology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7216549090",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.01.26364474v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8pgp668hvpb1y.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:55Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.01.26364474",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.01.26364474v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:psychiatry and clinical psychology",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Within-cohort discrimination and cross-cohort transfer of EEG-based ADHD classifiers: An exploratory two-cohort evaluation",
  "title_text": "Within-cohort discrimination and cross-cohort transfer of EEG-based ADHD classifiers: An exploratory two-cohort evaluation",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8pgp668hvpb1y",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}