{
  "abstract": "Cystic acne is a severe inflammatory dermatological condition traditionally associated with genetic, hormonal, and microbial factors. Although environmental exposures may contribute to acne pathogenesis, the role of airborne agricultural irritants remains underexplored. Agricultural environments contain a complex mixture of organic dusts, pesticides, fertilizers, volatile compounds, and animal-derived particulates that may influence skin barrier integrity and inflammatory responses. This narrative review examines the potential relationship between airborne agricultural exposures and cystic acne by integrating evidence from dermatology, environmental health, and immunology. Particular attention is given to mechanisms through which agricultural irritants may disrupt epidermal barrier proteins, including filaggrin and claudins; promote oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation; alter the cutaneous microbiome; and activate inflammatory signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the NLRP3 inflammasome. These processes may contribute to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-8, potentially amplifying inflammation within the pilosebaceous unit. The review also explores the possibility that chronic inhalation of agricultural aerosols may contribute to systemic immune activation and influence cutaneous inflammatory responses. While environmental and occupational exposures have been associated with inflammatory skin conditions, direct evidence linking airborne agricultural irritants specifically to cystic acne remains limited. This review highlights potential mechanistic connections, identifies gaps in the current literature, and emphasizes the need for further epidemiological and experimental research to clarify these associations. Understanding the relationship between agricultural airborne exposures and acne may inform future preventive strategies and occupational health considerations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Medicine, , True Blue, St. George’s, Grenada; (M.U.); (L.A.); (R.H.)",
    "Sanford School of Medicine, , Vermillion, SD 57069, USA; (C.A.); (L.G.)",
    "College of Osteopathic Medicine, , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;",
    "College of Osteopathic Medicine, , Kansas City, MO 64106, USA;",
    ", Palm Springs, CA 92262, USA;"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Angela Vaysman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Morgan Ulczak"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Carly Achterberg"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lucas Goetz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Luke Atwood"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Reed Hildenbrant"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Erin Hallman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Caitlyn Shaughnessy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Karen Vo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8pjq0yv0xkqqn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/biomedicines14102381",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13702264/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "8pjq0yv0xkqqn",
  "issns": [
    "2227-9059"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13702264",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QH301-705.5"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2708|Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222968620",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13702264/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13702264",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8pjq0yv0xkqqn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:44Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13702264",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13702264"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T14:21:22Z",
      "native_id": "068da336bbca43fba64b3a51e59e82ce",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14102381"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2708|Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The Impact of Environmental Exposures on Cystic Acne: A Narrative Review",
  "title_text": "The Impact of Environmental Exposures on Cystic Acne: A Narrative Review",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T14:21:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8pjq0yv0xkqqn",
  "venue": "Biomedicines",
  "versions": []
}