{
  "abstract": "Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Its cardinal symptoms include impaired social behavior involving the amygdala. Maternal use of antidepressants such as paroxetine during early pregnancy increases the risk of ASD in offspring. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that early exposure of zebrafish embryos to paroxetine delays neurogenesis in the optic tectum and telencephalon, including a region corresponding to the mammalian amygdala. Paroxetine-treated embryos exhibit growth restriction characterized by small heads and short-body lengths resulting from transient apoptosis. This phenotype resembles the early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) associated with ASD. Interestingly, we observed regeneration of delayed neurogenesis in the reduced brain following paroxetine withdrawal. This regenerative process was accompanied by extended retinotectal projections, suggesting brain-preferential regeneration. Finally, we examined the social behavior of paroxetine-treated fish. Taken together, our findings suggest a biological mechanism linking early paroxetine exposure, a risk factor for ASD, to its pathogenesis.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Saitama, Japan.",
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Saitama, Japan.",
    "Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama City, Saitama, Japan.",
    "Department of Biostatics, School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Saitama, Japan."
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tomomi Sato",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8699-3837"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Kaito Saito"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Tsubasa Oyu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Kazuna Yamaguchi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Maiko Osawa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yuki Shiko"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yohei Kawasaki"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tomohiro Kurisaki"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sachiko Tsuda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Takeshi Kajihara"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Masabumi Nagashima"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8pk7z1rd9s0r7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0345903",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13722289",
  "id": "8pk7z1rd9s0r7",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345903",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Anatomy"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Animal Behavior"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Animal Models"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Animal Studies"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Animals"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Apoptosis"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Behavior"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Biochemistry"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Biogenic Amines"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Biology and Life Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Brain"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Cell Biology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Cell Death"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Cell Processes"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Developmental Biology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Embryology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Embryos"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Eukaryota"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Experimental Organism Systems"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Fish"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Larvae"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Life Cycles"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Medicine and Health Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Model Organisms"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Neurochemistry"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Neuroscience"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Neurotransmitters"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Organisms"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Osteichthyes"
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      "heading",
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    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Research and Analysis Methods"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Serotonin"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Social Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Superior Colliculus"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Vertebrates"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Zebrafish"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Zoology"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Brain/Superior colliculus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Neurochemistry/Neurotransmitters/Biogenic amines/Serotonin"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cell processes/Cell death/Apoptosis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Developmental biology/Embryology/Embryos"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Developmental biology/Life cycles/Larvae"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Neurochemistry/Neurotransmitters/Biogenic amines/Serotonin"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish/Osteichthyes/Zebrafish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Behavior/Animal behavior"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animal behavior"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Vertebrates/Fish/Osteichthyes/Zebrafish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Brain/Superior colliculus"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Animal studies/Experimental organism systems/Animal models/Zebrafish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Animal studies/Experimental organism systems/Model organisms/Zebrafish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Model organisms/Zebrafish"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Social sciences/Psychology/Behavior/Animal behavior"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13722289?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13722289",
  "pmid": "42961999",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8pk7z1rd9s0r7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:20:55Z",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345903"
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T03:21:21Z",
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      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42961999"
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:49Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13722289",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345903"
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  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "heading:Biochemistry",
      "subfield": "general"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "heading:Cell Biology",
      "subfield": "cell-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "heading:Developmental Biology",
      "subfield": "developmental-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:animal behavior",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "heading:Anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Paroxetine-induced transient apoptosis with delayed neurogenesis triggers brain-preferential regeneration in developing zebrafish",
  "title_text": "Paroxetine-induced transient apoptosis with delayed neurogenesis triggers brain-preferential regeneration in developing zebrafish",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8pk7z1rd9s0r7",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}