{
  "abstract": "Proper assessment of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst performance requires recognising that doping can introduce simultaneous changes to structure, morphology, and electronic properties that together influence the observed electrochemical behaviour. In this study, Ni-doped RuO2 is used as a model system to systematically investigate how dopant concentration and synthesis temperature affect catalyst morphology and electronic structure. These trends are correlated with OER mass activity (MA), intrinsic activity, and stability enabling the morphological and intrinsic electronic contributions to catalyst performance to be distinguished. The acid-stable limit for bulk Ni incorporation in RuO2 is found to be approximately 10 mol%. Ni incorporation affects the rutile structure and inhibits particle growth, while lower synthesis temperatures decrease particle size. The best-performing Ni-doped RuO2 catalyst here shows up to a tenfold increase in OER MA compared with undoped RuO2. Surface area-based normalisation of MA reveals that this enhancement is partly caused by increased accessible surface area and includes an additional contribution from increased intrinsic OER activity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals Ni-dependent changes in the Ru 3d and O 1s regions (electronic effect), which correlate with the increase in intrinsic OER activity. S-number measurements further indicate an approximately twofold improvement in catalyst stability caused by doping.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Institute of Chemistry",
    "University of Tartu",
    "Institute of Physics",
    "Department of Physics and Astronomy",
    "University of Turku",
    "Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences",
    "Department of Materials and Environmental Technology",
    "Tallinn University of Technology"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mairis Bērziņš"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Peeter Valk"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tavo Romann"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Priit Möller"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jekaterina Kozlova"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kuno Kooser"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sari Granroth"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jaan Aruväli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Peeter Paaver"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Marian Külaviir"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Valdek Mikli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rutha Jäger"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Enn Lust"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jaak Nerut"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8ptdy16v5nddh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15008551/v1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8ptdy16v5nddh",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008551/v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2105|Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212060764",
  "pdf_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008551/v1",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-09",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8ptdy16v5nddh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
      "native_id": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15008551",
      "source": "chemrxiv",
      "url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008551/v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2105|Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion",
      "subfield": "electrochemistry-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Decoupling Morphological and Electronic Effects of Ni-Doped Ruthenium Oxide Oxygen Evolution Catalysts for PEM Water Electrolysis",
  "title_text": "Decoupling Morphological and Electronic Effects of Ni-Doped Ruthenium Oxide Oxygen Evolution Catalysts for PEM Water Electrolysis",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8ptdy16v5nddh",
  "venue": "ChemRxiv",
  "versions": []
}