{
  "abstract": "We present the results on a comparative analysis of the long-term optical variability characteristics of high-redshift narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies and broad-line Seyfert 1 (BLSy1) galaxies. Our sample spanning the redshift range of $0.8 < z < 2.6$, comprises 2490 NLSy1 and 2490 BLSy1 galaxies matched in the optical brightness$-$redshift plane. We used V-band data from the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey covering a baseline of 5$-$9 years, and g, r, and i-band data from the Zwicky Transient Facility spanning 5 to 6 years. To characterise variability we estimated the amplitude of variability ($σ_m$). We found that NLSy1 galaxies generally exhibit lower $σ_m$ compared to BLSy1 galaxies. In both the NLSy1 and BLSy1 galaxy samples, we observed a wavelength dependent variability using data from Zwicky Transient Facility, with $σ_m$ gradually increasing towards shorter wavelengths. We found an anti-correlation between $σ_m$ and Eddington ratio in the g, r, and i bands for BLSy1 galaxies, whereas this anti-correlation is observed only in the r and i bands for NLSy1 galaxies. For both NLSy1 and BLSy1 galaxies, we found no correlation between $σ_m$ in g, r, and i bands and black hole mass. In both the samples, we found that $\\sim$90\\% of the sources showed a bluer when brighter trend. We found no significant time lag between variations in g and r bands in both BLSy1 and NLSy1 galaxies. The observed long-term trends in the optical light curves of our high redshift sample of BLSy1 and NLSy1 galaxies could be driven by variations in the accretion disk.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.15127",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Aratrika Dey"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stalin C. S."
    },
    {
      "name": "Akshith S."
    },
    {
      "name": "Suvendu Rakshit"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8r2yw1s7ec4na.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.15127",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8r2yw1s7ec4na",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15127",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "licence_label": "CC0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.15127",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-14",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8r2yw1s7ec4na.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:25Z",
      "native_id": "2609.15127",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15127"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.GA",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A comparative analysis of the long-term optical variability characteristics of narrow and broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies at z > 0.8",
  "title_text": "A comparative analysis of the long-term optical variability characteristics of narrow and broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies at z > 0.8",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8r2yw1s7ec4na",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}