{
  "abstract": "Harmonized cognitive measures are key to cross-national comparisons of dementia risk. However, validating such measures cross-nationally is challenging due to differences in cognitive measures and a lack of a reference standard. Age, a characteristic strongly associated with cognition and widely measured, can serve as a benchmark for evaluating how well harmonized cognitive measures are broadly compatible with a common construct. We used cross-nationally harmonized measures from three studies in the US and five studies in England, Chile, Mexico, India, and South Africa (N = 27,317). Study-specific estimates of the association between general cognitive scores and age ranged from -0.040 to -0.075 SD units/year of age. The coefficient of variation was 24.1%, indicating moderate relative variability. Results support the hypothesis that cross-nationally harmonized scores, derived from partially overlapping test batteries, measure a broadly similar construct across countries. Future studies should further evaluate criterion, construct, and content validity of cognitive testing in cross-national populations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA.",
    "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA.",
    "Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.",
    "Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA.",
    "Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA.",
    "Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA.",
    "Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA.",
    "Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.",
    "Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA.",
    "Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA.",
    "Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.",
    "Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA.",
    "Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sneha Sarah Mani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "M Maria Glymour"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Eleanor Hayes-Larson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Richard L Jones"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Lindsay C Kobayashi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Zachary J Kunicki"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Kenneth M Langa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Jinkook Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Emma Nichols"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jennifer Weuve"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alden L Gross"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8r395mesgcbrk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s44400-026-00143-2",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695574",
  "id": "8r395mesgcbrk",
  "issns": [
    "3005-1940"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42928768",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223443652",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695574?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13695574",
  "pmid": "42928768",
  "published": "2026-10-24",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8r395mesgcbrk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:18Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42928768",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42928768"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Assessing the construct validity of cross-national harmonized cognitive assessments using age.",
  "title_text": "Assessing the construct validity of cross-national harmonized cognitive assessments using age.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8r395mesgcbrk",
  "venue": "NPJ dementia",
  "versions": []
}