{
  "abstract": "ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of in vivo gadolinium K-edge imaging on a clinical dual-source photon-counting CT (PCCT) system in a porcine model and to assess its performance for dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, functional biliary imaging, and dual-contrast (bi-phasic) imaging.\n\nMaterials and MethodsA single healthy Yorkshire-Landrace pig was imaged on a clinical dual-source PCCT system (140 kVp; energy thresholds 20/55/72/90 keV; CTDIvol 12 mGy). Gadolinium K-edge material-specific maps were generated with a calibration- based least-squares material decomposition. Three imaging protocols were evaluated for feasibility: (A) contrast dose testing for dynamic imaging with a hepatobiliary-clearing gadolinium contrast agent (0.2 and 0.8 mL/kg); (B) functional biliary imaging with dynamic and delayed acquisitions; and (C) dual-contrast imaging with simultaneous iodine and gadolinium decomposition. Attenuation (HU) and material concentrations (mg/mL) were measured from regions of interest.\n\nResultsGadolinium was quantifiable in material-specific maps at a contrast dose of 0.8 mL/kg (arterial aortic signal, 114 {+/-} 4 HU and 1.4 {+/-} 0.3 mg/mL; delayed bile duct, 111 {+/-} 4 HU and 4.3 {+/-} 0.4 mg/mL). Hepatobiliary excretion was tracked over time, with bile duct gadolinium plateauing near 3.3 mg/mL approximately 15 minutes after injection. In the dual-contrast acquisition, arterial gadolinium (2.5 {+/-} 0.7 mg/mL) and portal venous iodine (1.9 {+/-} 0.7 mg/mL) were separated within the liver, and both agents were separated within the ureters.\n\nConclusionsIn this proof of concept, gadolinium K-edge imaging was feasible on a clinical dual-source PCCT system for dynamic, functional biliary, and dual-contrast applications, supporting further development with improved material-decomposition sensitivity and confirmation in larger studies.\n\nKey PointsO_LIGadolinium K-edge imaging is feasible in vivo on a clinical dual-source photon- counting CT system, producing gadolinium-specific quantitative maps. C_LIO_LIFunctional biliary imaging with gadoxetate disodium tracked hepatobiliary excretion over time, with biliary gadolinium plateauing approximately 15 minutes after injection. C_LIO_LIA dual-contrast acquisition separated gadolinium (arterial phase) from iodine (portal venous phase) within the liver and ureters, enabling simultaneous multi-phase, multi-agent imaging. C_LI",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of Pennsylvania"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M. V. Rybertt"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. P. Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "P. Sahbaee"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. McClung"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Mathew"
    },
    {
      "name": "P. B. Noël"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. H. Dhanaliwala"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8s1hv5za6mqd2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.07.26362472",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.07.26362472v1.full",
  "id": "8s1hv5za6mqd2",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.07.26362472v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "radiology and imaging"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212024737",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.07.26362472v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-07",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8s1hv5za6mqd2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:14Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.07.26362472",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.07.26362472v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:radiology and imaging",
      "subfield": "imaging"
    }
  ],
  "title": "In Vivo K-edge Imaging on a Clinical Dual-source PCCT: Feasibility of Gadolinium Applications in a Porcine Model",
  "title_text": "In Vivo K-edge Imaging on a Clinical Dual-source PCCT: Feasibility of Gadolinium Applications in a Porcine Model",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:14Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8s1hv5za6mqd2",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}