{
  "abstract": "Metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion are interconnected hallmarks of cancer that sustain tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. This review summarizes current mechanistic evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of mogrosides, derived from the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii, as multi-functional agents with dual roles in regulating tumor metabolism and immune responses. Mechanistically, mogrosides are potent AMPK activators that attenuate the Warburg effect, suppress PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, and inhibit de novo lipogenesis. Also, mogrosides suppress lactate accumulation within the tumor microenvironment. In parallel, they modulate immune responses through inhibition of STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, resulting in reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and decreased PD-L1 expression. Additionally, mogrosides interfere with oncogenic signaling cascades including JAK/STAT3 and MAPK/ERK that regulate proliferation and survival. They further suppress epithelial–mesenchymal transition and matrix metalloproteinase expression, limiting metastatic potential. By simultaneously targeting metabolic plasticity and immune suppression, mogrosides represent promising adjuvant candidates in cancer therapy; however, further clinical investigations are required to validate their translational potential.\n\nGraphical abstract:\n\nSupplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-026-04478-w.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Dehradun, 248007 India",
    "Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India",
    "Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India",
    "Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India",
    "Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland",
    "University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab India",
    "Nanomicroscopy Center, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Meghna Patial"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Rohit Joshi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jyoti Rajput"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Vineet Kumar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Janne Ruokolainen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Kavindra Kumar Kesari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dhruv Kumar"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8s26n66vjfenh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1007/s00262-026-04478-w",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13710497/",
  "id": "8s26n66vjfenh",
  "issns": [
    "0340-7004",
    "1432-0851"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-026-04478-w",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1306|Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7170317398",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13710497",
  "pmid": "42934444",
  "published": "2026-07-24",
  "publisher": "Springer",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8s26n66vjfenh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:27Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13710497",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-026-04478-w"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:1306|Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Mechanistic insights on mogrosides as bifunctional regulators of metabolic reprogramming and immune modulation in tumor microenvironment",
  "title_text": "Mechanistic insights on mogrosides as bifunctional regulators of metabolic reprogramming and immune modulation in tumor microenvironment",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:21:27Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8s26n66vjfenh",
  "venue": "Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII",
  "versions": []
}