{
  "abstract": "The environmental impact of Ordinary Portland Cement production, particularly its significant contribution to global CO 2 emissions, has prompted the search for sustainable alternatives. This study investigates the durability and mechanical performance of metakaolin and fly ash-based geopolymer formulations compared to cementbased systems (CEM I and CEM III) under aggressive environmental conditions, without the use of heat curing. Among the six binder types tested, metakaolin-based MK II achieved a compressive strength of 33 MPa at 90 days-comparable to CEM III (35.2 MPa)-and the lowest water absorption (3.4 %). MK II also exhibited the highest durability, with superior resistance to carbonation, sulfate, and acid attacks, as well as minimal ultrasonic pulse velocity loss in the boiling test. Cement-based samples, particularly CEM I, displayed the best freezethaw resistance and lowest porosity increase after 150 cycles. Fire resistance testing classified MK I, MK II, and CEM III as A1-rated non-combustible materials. These results highlight the potential of metakaolin geopolymers-especially MK II-as sustainable, durable alternatives to cement, capable of performing in aggressive environments without additional energy input.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "François El Inaty"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hussein Nasreddine"
    },
    {
      "name": "Assia Djerbi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Laurent Gautron"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mario Marchetti"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marc Quiertant"
    },
    {
      "name": "Othman Omikrine Metalssi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8ta08wrnt1w1g.bib",
  "cited_by": 35,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105788",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8ta08wrnt1w1g",
  "issns": [
    "2590-1230"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://univ-eiffel.hal.science/hal-05758836v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sde"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "0.spi"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2205|Concrete and Cement Materials Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4411298077",
  "pdf_url": "https://univ-eiffel.hal.science/hal-05758836/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-22",
  "publisher": "Elsevier B.V.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8ta08wrnt1w1g.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:37Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05758836",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://univ-eiffel.hal.science/hal-05758836v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "hal:0.sde",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Mechanical and durability performance of metakaolin and fly ash-based geopolymers compared to cement systems",
  "title_text": "Mechanical and durability performance of metakaolin and fly ash-based geopolymers compared to cement systems",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8ta08wrnt1w1g",
  "venue": "Results in engineering",
  "versions": []
}