{
  "abstract": "Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD). Seizures are an important but incompletely characterized manifestation. Their reported prevalence is strongly age-dependent—approximately 30% in pediatric-onset versus 7% in adult-onset cohorts, although these estimates are influenced by referral and publication bias—and clusters around cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE) and FLAIR-hyperintense lesions in anti-MOG-associated encephalitis with seizures (FLAMES). This raises a mechanistic question: why is cortical MOGAD particularly ictogenic, and how does demyelination interact with lesion anatomy and inflammatory composition to promote cortical hyperexcitability? This review places the neuroimmunology of MOGAD-related seizures at its center. We summarize the epidemiology, age gradient and clinical spectrum—CCE/FLAMES, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-associated seizures, isolated sentinel seizures, status epilepticus, new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), and MOG–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) overlap—together with the distinction between acute symptomatic seizures and autoimmune-associated epilepsy. We then examine MOG-IgG effector biology, the CD4+ T-cell- and macrophage-predominant pathology, B-cell compartmentalization, the meningo-cortical axis, and the Th17/interleukin-6-weighted cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) milieu. Candidate downstream pathways of inflammatory ictogenesis are presented with an explicit separation between MOGAD-specific associations and mechanisms extrapolated from epilepsy. Finally, we translate this framework into differential diagnosis, assay interpretation, electroencephalographic evaluation, immunotherapy-first management, antiseizure medication (ASM) review, neuropsychological follow-up and testable research priorities.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Shenyang Children’s Hospital",
    "Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chun Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Liangliang Hao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xueyan Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ji Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Weining Ma"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8tw0qm1cm1se3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1966487",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13717444/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "8tw0qm1cm1se3",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1966487/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2734|Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220722449",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1966487/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13717444",
  "pmid": "42959451",
  "published": "2026-10-06",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8tw0qm1cm1se3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:15Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1966487",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1966487/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13717444",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13717444"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:46Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42959451",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42959451"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:21:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13717444",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1966487"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "issn:1664-3224",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Seizures and epilepsy in MOG antibody-associated disease: from cortical neuroimmunology to clinical practice",
  "title_text": "Seizures and epilepsy in MOG antibody-associated disease: from cortical neuroimmunology to clinical practice",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:21:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8tw0qm1cm1se3",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}