{
  "abstract": "Purpose: To compare ocular surface and dry-eye parameters 3 months after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation vs small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).\n\nPatients and Methods: Right eyes of 98 patients with complete data (SMILE, n = 49; ICL, n = 49) were analyzed. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), non-invasive tear meniscus height (NITMH), non-invasive tear-film break-up time (NIBUT), ocular redness index (ORI), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), refraction and visual acuity were measured before and 3 months after surgery. Between-group comparisons of change from baseline were the primary analysis. Sensitivity ANCOVA models adjusted for the corresponding baseline value, preoperative spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ), age, sex and surgeon; CFS was analyzed using binary logistic regression for any staining (CFS > 0).\n\nResults: ICL eyes were more myopic (preoperative SEQ −6.47 ± 2.16 vs −4.55 ± 1.27 D; P < 0.001); baseline dry-eye parameters were similar, although small differences in CDVA and IOP were present. At 3 months, uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity were comparable (P = 0.300 and 0.498). Between-group comparisons of change from baseline showed no statistically significant difference for NIBUT (−0.22 s; 95% CI −3.10 to 2.67; P = 0.881), NITMH, ORI, CFS or OSDI. In the sensitivity analysis, the baseline-adjusted between-group difference in 3-month NIBUT was −1.68 s (95% CI −4.01 to 0.64; P = 0.153). The adjusted odds of any staining (CFS) tended to be lower in the ICL group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio 0.33; 95% CI 0.11–1.01; P = 0.052) and should be considered exploratory.\n\nConclusion: In this non-randomized comparison of patients with clinically normal preoperative ocular surface who received standardized postoperative lubrication, no statistically significant between-group differences were detected for the primary tear-film outcome NIBUT or for NITMH, ORI or OSDI at 3 months. The lower odds of any corneal staining after ICL were exploratory and require further confirmation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Refractive Surgery, Guangzhou Panyu Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, People’s Republic of China",
    "Department of Refractive Surgery, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, 510010, People’s Republic of China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huiyi Du"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huiqing Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anqi Yuan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lu Xiong"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8v2wxt67ecdtr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.2147/opth.s654384",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13731766/",
  "id": "8v2wxt67ecdtr",
  "issns": [
    "1177-5467",
    "1177-5483"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s654384",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2731|Ocular Surface and Contact Lens"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224773980",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/121604",
  "pmcid": "PMC13731766",
  "pmid": "42985308",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Dove Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8v2wxt67ecdtr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:21:54Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13731766",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s654384"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2731|Ocular Surface and Contact Lens",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Three-Month Ocular Surface and Dry-Eye Outcomes After Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) Implantation versus Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE): A Prospective Non-Randomized Comparative Cohort Study",
  "title_text": "Three-Month Ocular Surface and Dry-Eye Outcomes After Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) Implantation versus Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE): A Prospective Non-Randomized Comparative Cohort Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:54Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8v2wxt67ecdtr",
  "venue": "Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)",
  "versions": []
}