{
  "abstract": "Background: Numerous studies have delved into the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients. However, a scarcity of data exists regarding the trajectory of cognitive decline and potential contributing factors.\n\nMethods: We recruited 247 prevalent hemodialysis patients for this study. Baseline and follow-up cognitive assessments were conducted in 90 patients using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at a 2-year interval. To identify potential predictors of cognitive decline, we analyzed traditional risk factors alongside dialysis-related variables. Additionally, surrogate parameters of vascular calcification and arterial stiffness, such as T50 values and pulse wave velocity, were investigated.\n\nResults: After a 2-year follow-up period (24.3 ± 1.05 months), MoCA test results revealed a significant decline in cognitive function (−1.8 ± 3.2 points, P < 0.001). Overall, 37 patients (41%) exhibited cognitive decline, defined as a decrease in MoCA score of >2 points, indicating disease progression. The median change in MoCA score differed significantly between males (−3.0, range 0.0 to −5 points) and females (0.0, range 1.0 to −1.75 points, P = 0.002). This finding was corroborated by multivariable analyses adjusted for age, educational level, diabetes and blood pressure measurements (regression coefficient −2.5, P = 0.006). The association was further confirmed in a comparison between patients with stable and declining cognitive function (regression coefficient 2.65, odds ratio 14.2, P = 0.007). None of the other variables reached statistical significance.\n\nConclusions: Our findings underscore a substantial deterioration in cognitive function over time among hemodialysis patients. Notably, our data reveal a more rapid decline in cognitive function among males, shedding light on previously unrecognized sex differences in this patient population.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Hannah Schäfer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Matthias Braunisch"
    },
    {
      "name": "Roman Günthner",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6208-3900"
    },
    {
      "name": "Claudius Küchle"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Basta-Wunderle"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bernhard Haller"
    },
    {
      "name": "Uwe Heemann"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christoph Schmaderer",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5803-2190"
    },
    {
      "name": "Susanne Angermann",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-8713-5611"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8v9dmj89tjwj6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/ckj/sfag340",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13724265/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "8v9dmj89tjwj6",
  "issns": [
    "2048-8505",
    "2048-8513"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13724265",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00340"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "General Clinical Nephrology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2727|Dialysis and Renal Disease Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221018799",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13724265/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13724265",
  "pmid": "42973461",
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8v9dmj89tjwj6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13724265",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13724265"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:22:52Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13724265",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfag340"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:49Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42973461",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42973461"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2727|Dialysis and Renal Disease Management",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Longitudinal assessment of cognitive decline in hemodialysis patients: unveiling sex disparities",
  "title_text": "Longitudinal assessment of cognitive decline in hemodialysis patients: unveiling sex disparities",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:20:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8v9dmj89tjwj6",
  "venue": "Clinical kidney journal",
  "versions": []
}