{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the associations of shift work with serum vitamin D levels, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and symptoms of anxiety and depression among female nurses working at a university hospital. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics were collected via a structured questionnaire. EDS was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence (Elecsys Vitamin D total II, cobas e 801). Deficiency was defined as <20 ng/mL. Results: Mean age was 32.4 ± 6.8 years; 44.9% worked night shifts. Mean 25(OH)D level was 13.16 ± 7.87 ng/mL, with deficiency in 84.3% and insufficiency in 13.5%. EDS was present in 30.8%, anxiety symptoms in 26.9%, and depressive symptoms in 46.2%. Vitamin D levels were lower in night-shift nurses, though not significantly (p = 0.056). In univariable logistic regression analysis, night-shift work was associated with vitamin D deficiency (OR = 2.053; 95% CI: 1.068–3.948; p = 0.031), but this association was not significant after adjustment (aOR = 1.136; 95% CI: 0.541–2.389; p = 0.736). EDS was associated with anxiety symptoms (aOR = 2.795; 95% CI: 1.553–5.031; p = 0.001) and depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.887; 95% CI: 1.077–3.306; p = 0.027). Anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with each other (aOR = 7.332 and 7.285; p < 0.001). Conclusions: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, EDS, anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms was observed among female nurses. Vitamin D status was not significantly associated with EDS, anxiety symptoms, or depressive symptoms, whereas EDS was associated with both anxiety and depressive symptoms.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, 42130 Konya, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, 42130 Konya, Türkiye"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "İbrahim Safa Karcı"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kamile Marakoğlu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fatma Hümeyra Yerlikaya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zeynep Ebru Şener"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8vjrb5cyr5428.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/metabo16100786",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707079/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "8vjrb5cyr5428",
  "issns": [
    "2218-1989"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/16/10/786",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3205|Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222574191",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707079/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13707079",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8vjrb5cyr5428.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/metabo16100786",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/16/10/786"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13707079",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13707079"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2218-1989",
      "subfield": "proteomics-metabolomics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Association of Shift Work and Serum Vitamin D Levels with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Anxiety Symptoms, and Depressive Symptoms in Female Nurses",
  "title_text": "Association of Shift Work and Serum Vitamin D Levels with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Anxiety Symptoms, and Depressive Symptoms in Female Nurses",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8vjrb5cyr5428",
  "venue": "Metabolites",
  "versions": []
}