{
  "abstract": "A 58-year-old man developed a progressive cognitive impairment and recurrent cerebral infarctions that were refractory to antithrombotic therapy. No abnormalities were detected in the major cerebral arteries, and a cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mild inflammatory findings. Although a brain biopsy was not feasible, the patient was clinically diagnosed with small-vessel primary central nervous system vasculitis based on comprehensive evaluations. Treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide failed to prevent a relapse. The presence of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands and elevated interleukin-6 levels suggested intrathecal humoral or lymphocyte-mediated immune activity, and rituximab therapy led to clinical improvement. This clinical improvement indirectly suggests B-cell involvement, consistent with the efficacy of rituximab. Rituximab may therefore be an option for treating cyclophosphamide-resistant PCNSV.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Takuya Okamoto"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kazuki Yokokawa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bungo Hirose"
    },
    {
      "name": "Naotoshi Iwahara"
    },
    {
      "name": "Syuuichirou Suzuki"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shin Hisahara"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8vjvk80m947qx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.2169/internalmedicine.7758-26",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/advpub/0/advpub_7758-26/_article",
  "id": "8vjvk80m947qx",
  "issns": [
    "1349-7235",
    "0918-2918"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/advpub/0/advpub_7758-26/_article",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "jstage-journal",
      "medicine/general"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Vasculitis and related conditions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214683561",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/advpub/0/advpub_7758-26/_pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-29",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8vjvk80m947qx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:31Z",
      "native_id": "10.2169/internalmedicine.7758-26",
      "source": "jstage",
      "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/advpub/0/advpub_7758-26/_article"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Vasculitis and related conditions",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Successful Treatment with Rituximab in a Patient with Clinically Suspected Small-vessel Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis Refractory to Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy",
  "title_text": "Successful Treatment with Rituximab in a Patient with Clinically Suspected Small-vessel Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis Refractory to Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8vjvk80m947qx",
  "venue": "Internal Medicine",
  "versions": []
}