{
  "abstract": "We investigate the complete set of twist-3 gluon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of the nucleon at nonzero skewness within a spectator model, in which the nucleon is treated as a two-body system consisting of an active spin-1 gluon and a spin-1/2 spectator particle. The spectator mass is allowed to vary continuously and is described by a spectral function, while the nucleon-gluon-spectator coupling is modeled by an effective vertex containing two form factors. We calculate the twist-3 gluon GPDs over a broad kinematic range and investigate the corresponding impact-parameter-dependent parton distributions, defined as two-dimensional Fourier transforms of the GPDs at zero skewness. In the forward limit, we further obtain the corresponding twist-3 parton distribution functions (PDFs). Our results provide model predictions for twist-3 gluon GPDs and PDFs that can be useful for future phenomenological studies and for investigating observables at current and future collider facilities.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.18427",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Chentao Tan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhun Lu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8w4mberhx36ca.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.18427",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8w4mberhx36ca",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.18427",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3106|Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213513860",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.18427",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8w4mberhx36ca.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "2609.18427",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.18427"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:hep-ph",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Twist-3 gluon GPDs for the nucleon in a spectator model",
  "title_text": "Twist-3 gluon GPDs for the nucleon in a spectator model",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8w4mberhx36ca",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}