{
  "abstract": "Free-text narratives in vaccine adverse event reports contain symptom descriptions and contextual wording that can be characterized using text mining. However, lexicon-based sentiment scores in medical narratives should be interpreted as vocabulary patterns rather than direct measures of patients' emotional states. We evaluated sex-specific and vaccine-specific patterns in sentiment-scored and emotion-category assignment vocabulary in Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) narratives for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), influenza, human papillomavirus (HPV), and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines. Public VAERS reports received from 2010 to 2024 were analyzed. VAERSDATA, VAERSVAX, and VAERSSYMPTOMS were linked by VAERS_ID, with duplicate records removed. Report-level AFINN scores were normalized per 100 words. Sensitivity analyses excluded common clinical and symptom-related terms. Effect sizes, 95% confidence intervals, adjusted linear regression models with HC3 robust standard errors, and NRC emotion-category assignment profiles were evaluated. After duplicate handling, 1022460 COVID-19, 148489 influenza, 41212 HPV, and 47459 MMR reports were analyzed. Female-associated reports generally showed slightly lower primary AFINN scores than male-associated reports, although effect sizes were negligible. Excluding clinical and symptom-related terms attenuated or reversed these differences. Adjusted regression models showed only small associations between sex and AFINN scores. NRC analyses demonstrated clearer vaccine-specific than sex-specific vocabulary patterns. VAERS narratives showed only small sex-related differences but distinct vaccine-specific patterns in sentiment-scored and emotion-category assignment vocabulary. These findings should be interpreted as lexicon-derived vocabulary patterns rather than direct measures of psychological responses, vaccine perceptions, or clinical outcomes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Kae Matsumura"
    },
    {
      "name": "Megumi Horibe"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yoko Ino"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kana Sugishita"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tomofumi Yamazaki"
    },
    {
      "name": "Moe Maeno"
    },
    {
      "name": "Koichi Kageyama"
    },
    {
      "name": "Seiichiro Ito"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mugita Sato"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mahiro Chikahisa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mayumi Kitamura"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mari Iwata"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kazuhiro Iguchi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mitsuhiro Nakamura"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8x9hxtrq59kqa.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1248/bpb.b26-00304",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/49/9/49_b26-00304/_article",
  "id": "8x9hxtrq59kqa",
  "issns": [
    "1347-5215",
    "0918-6158"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/49/9/49_b26-00304/_article",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "jstage-journal",
      "medicine/pharmacology-toxicology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3005|Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214365391",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/49/9/49_b26-00304/_pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8x9hxtrq59kqa.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:32Z",
      "native_id": "10.1248/bpb.b26-00304",
      "source": "jstage",
      "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/49/9/49_b26-00304/_article"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3005|Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Sex Differences in Sentiment-Scored Vocabulary Patterns in VAERS Free-Text Narratives of Four Major Vaccine Categories",
  "title_text": "Sex Differences in Sentiment-Scored Vocabulary Patterns in VAERS Free-Text Narratives of Four Major Vaccine Categories",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8x9hxtrq59kqa",
  "venue": "Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin",
  "versions": []
}