{
  "abstract": "This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the pharmacological and computational potential of the methanolic extract of Combretum indicum. Mineral profiling by ICP–AES confirmed the presence of essential elements, including K (5.92 ppm), Mg (4.94 ppm), Fe (1.92 ppm), and Zn (1.13 ppm), with no detectable toxic heavy metals. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity with 95.48% inhibition of H2O2 and an IC50 of 0.82 µg/mL. Significant thrombolytic activity was observed, achieving 82.71% clot lysis, exceeding streptokinase. Anti-inflammatory activity showed 95.27% inhibition in vitro and 65% edema reduction in vivo. Anti-arthritic activity reached 85.6% inhibition in vitro and 87.50% in vivo, surpassing indomethacin. Analgesic activity demonstrated up to 70.15% inhibition of writhing. Cytotoxicity (LC50 = 30.19 µg/mL) and strong anthelmintic effects further supported bioactivity. Molecular docking revealed high binding affinities (up to −10.6 kcal/mol), while ADME and drug-likeness analyses indicated favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. DFT analysis confirmed chemical stability and reactivity. Overall, C. indicum demonstrated promising multi-target therapeutic potential, warranting further investigation for drug development.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh",
    "Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh",
    "Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zobayed Islam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hridoy Chowdhury"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sujan Kanti Das"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ahnuf Zaman Tomal"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anik Das"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. M. Naim Uddin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8xn6tmskjz9gp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360173",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8xn6tmskjz9gp",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360173",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Medicinal Plant Research"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Antioxidants"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Proteins/Protein interactions"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Immune response/Inflammation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology/Molecular biology techniques/Denaturation/Protein denaturation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Edema"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Inflammation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Immune response/Inflammation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drug interactions"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Computational chemistry/Molecular docking"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Physical chemistry/Chemical bonding/Hydrogen bonding"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Molecular biology techniques/Denaturation/Protein denaturation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223677617",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0360173&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8xn6tmskjz9gp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360173",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360173"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "plos:molecular biology",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:pharmacology",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Integrative in vitro, in vivo, and in silico investigation with mineral profiling of Combretum indicum: A multi-target therapeutic candidate exhibiting antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, analgesic, cytotoxic, and anthelmintic activities",
  "title_text": "Integrative in vitro, in vivo, and in silico investigation with mineral profiling of Combretum indicum: A multi-target therapeutic candidate exhibiting antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, analgesic, cytotoxic, and anthelmintic activities",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8xn6tmskjz9gp",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}