{
  "abstract": "Introduction. Chronic erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is a challenging complication of Hansen’s disease (HD), with limited treatment options and frequent steroid dependence. Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α agents are promising alternatives, though evidence remains confined to a few reports.\n\nCase description. We report the case of a 34-year-old Moroccan man with multibacillary Hansen’s disease, who developed chronic ENL with recurrent systemic and cutaneous flares, requiring prolonged immunomodulatory therapy. Corticosteroids, thalidomide, azathioprine, methotrexate, and anti-TNF-α therapy only provided incomplete control. After six years of recurrences requiring several hospitalizations, treatment with methylprednisolone, high-dose thalidomide, and clofazimine achieved a sustained remission, allowing gradual treatment discontinuation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "case report",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Michele Spinicci",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5377-7118"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anna Barbiero",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-4152-9346"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tommaso Manciulli"
    },
    {
      "name": "Costanza Fiorelli"
    },
    {
      "name": "Roberto Fedi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alessandro Bussotti"
    },
    {
      "name": "Elena Silvestri"
    },
    {
      "name": "Danilo Malandrino"
    },
    {
      "name": "Giacomo Emmi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Giovanni Gazzoli"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lorenzo Zammarchi",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0892-8404"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alessandro Bartoloni",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9758-1523"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8zhpg976mapm7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/trstmh/trag091",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13728645/",
  "id": "8zhpg976mapm7",
  "issns": [
    "0035-9203",
    "1878-3503"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trag091",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00290"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00860"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Case Report"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|Leprosy Research and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7203985207",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13728645",
  "pmid": "42631419",
  "published": "2026-08-22",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8zhpg976mapm7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:21:35Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13728645",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trag091"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|Leprosy Research and Treatment",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Chronic erythema nodosum leprosum in Hansen’s disease: a challenging clinical management",
  "title_text": "Chronic erythema nodosum leprosum in Hansen’s disease: a challenging clinical management",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:21:35Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8zhpg976mapm7",
  "venue": "Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene",
  "versions": []
}