{
  "abstract": "This present study evaluated the effects of a commercial formulation based on fenthion on survival, hatching, and growth of Artemia salina, and characterized the environmental risk of this insecticide to marine and estuarine ecosystems. The fenthion-based commercial formulation was tested at concentrations ranging from 0.001 up to 731 mg/L using different bioassays: a standard 48-h acute test, a 14-day long-term test, and also two 72-h assays (one for cyst hatching, another for growth inhibition). Obtained EC50 values were fully integrated with available literature data to construct a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curve, which then determined the hazardous concentration for 5% of species (HC5), the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC), and the risk quotient (RQ). In the acute assay, the formulation showed low toxicity, with EC50 of 212.36 mg/L at 24 h and 16.64 mg/L at 48 h. In contrast, high toxicity was observed in long-term tests, with EC50 of 0.0752 mg/L after 8 days and 0.0052 mg/L after 14 days of exposure. Minor effects were observed on hatching rate (EC50 = 101.75 mg/L), whereas more pronounced effects were seen on hatching speed (EC50 = 19.88 mg/L) and nauplii growth (EC10 = 0.076 mg/L). The HC5 from the SSD was 0.000104 mg/L, while PNEC was 0.000020 mg/L. The average RQ was 1.86, indicating high risk. Overall, these results demonstrate the ecotoxicological potential of a fenthion-based commercial formulation for relevant organisms in marine and estuarine ecosystems, reinforcing the importance of regulatory measures and environmental monitoring in areas subject to contamination by this insecticide.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Universidade Federal de Lavras , , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Leonardo Mendes da Silva",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6510-9005"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rafael Pereira Ramos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Joice Lima Ferreira"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "João Lucas Fonseca Landim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maria Eduarda Magalhães"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7947-7498"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8znn9tjbkc94c.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c06726",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8znn9tjbkc94c",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c06726/5459308/Ecotoxicological-Effects-of-a-Commercial-Fenthion",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2307|Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224015121",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c06726",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8znn9tjbkc94c.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:40Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c06726",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c06726/5459308/Ecotoxicological-Effects-of-a-Commercial-Fenthion"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2307|Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Ecotoxicological Effects of a Commercial Fenthion-Based Formulation on the Survival, Hatching, and Growth of Artemia salina L.: Implications for Risk Assessment in Marine and Estuarine Environments",
  "title_text": "Ecotoxicological Effects of a Commercial Fenthion-Based Formulation on the Survival, Hatching, and Growth of Artemia salina L.: Implications for Risk Assessment in Marine and Estuarine Environments",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8znn9tjbkc94c",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}