{
  "abstract": "Gravitational waves from vacuum first-order phase transitions probe the nonlinear dynamics of relativistic bubble collisions. Predicting their spectrum requires resolving Lorentz-contracted scalar bubble walls throughout a volume containing many bubbles, making the large-boost regime prohibitively expensive for direct lattice simulations. We develop a simulation-based pairwise surrogate that separates the microscopic collision dynamics from the geometry of the multi-bubble transition. This utilizes symmetry-reduced $(1+1)$-dimensional scalar-field simulations to build a library of two-bubble gravitational-wave spectra, including the nonlinear post-collision evolution. These spectra are combined with geometric weights that account for screening by other bubbles. We test the two-bubble spectra and the reconstructed spectra of three- and many-bubble systems against full $(3+1)$-dimensional lattice simulations. Not only can the surrogate be orders of magnitude cheaper computationally, but it also provides access to highly relativistic collisions beyond the practical reach of direct many-bubble simulations. This provides a route to studying how the spectral amplitude and shape depend on the collision boost and scalar potential.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.12389",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Malte Buschmann"
    },
    {
      "name": "Toby Opferkuch"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8zybakf22b0tg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.12389",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "8zybakf22b0tg",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.12389",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.CO"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "gr-qc"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221133499",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.12389",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8zybakf22b0tg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:27:54Z",
      "native_id": "2610.12389",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.12389"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.CO",
      "subfield": "cosmology"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:gr-qc",
      "subfield": "gravitation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:hep-ph",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A Pairwise Surrogate for Gravitational-Wave Spectra from Highly Relativistic Vacuum Bubble Collisions",
  "title_text": "A Pairwise Surrogate for Gravitational-Wave Spectra from Highly Relativistic Vacuum Bubble Collisions",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:27:54Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/8zybakf22b0tg",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}