{
  "abstract": "Background: Improved survival on antiretroviral therapy has shifted morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus infection towards non-communicable cardiac disease, yet echocardiographic data from South Asia remain sparse.\n\nAims/Objectives: To determine the prevalence of structural heart disease, comprising dilated cardiomyopathy and valvular heart disease, and its association with age, sex and CD4 count.\n\nMethodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study enrolled 126 consecutive adults on antiretroviral therapy at a tertiary centre in eastern Nepal between August 2018 and July 2019. Those with hypertension, alcohol dependence, cardiotoxic drug exposure or pre-existing cardiac or systemic disease were excluded. All underwent transthoracic echocardiography and CD4 estimation.\n\nResults: Structural heart disease was present in 19 (15.1%) participants: dilated cardiomyopathy in 14 (11.1%) and valvular heart disease in 7 (5.6%). Prevalence did not differ across age groups (χ² = 0.94, p = 0.627) or by sex (11/64 men, 17.2%, versus 8/62 women, 12.9%; odds ratio 1.40, 95% CI 0.52–3.76, p = 0.502). Mean CD4 count was similar in affected and unaffected participants (627 ± 309 versus 551 ± 248 cells/µL; t = 1.18, p = 0.239).\n\nConclusions: One in seven treated adults had unsuspected structural heart disease, independent of age, sex and CD4 count, supporting routine echocardiographic screening.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Autonomous State Medical College, Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India",
    "Professor and Head, Department of Cardiology, Birat Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Supriya Mishra"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dr Prashant Shah"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/90x3ty67qcjz3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23621496",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.scientificpublications.in/index.php/ijmsar/article/view/235",
  "id": "90x3ty67qcjz3",
  "issns": [
    "2582-7197"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23621496",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-25",
  "publisher": "Scientific Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/90x3ty67qcjz3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:46:50Z",
      "native_id": "bde02b8859c4448c972158cf97152cf5",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23621496"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:R",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Prevalence of Structural Heart Disease Detected By Echocardiography among Adults Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy in Eastern Nepal",
  "title_text": "Prevalence of Structural Heart Disease Detected By Echocardiography among Adults Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy in Eastern Nepal",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:46:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/90x3ty67qcjz3",
  "venue": "International Journal of Medical Sciences and Academic Research",
  "versions": []
}