{
  "abstract": "Perioperative bleeding after frozen elephant trunk (FET) surgery is reported using heterogeneous endpoints. This structured narrative review examines bleeding sources, measurement and haemostatic management, prioritising recent literature while retaining established landmark definitions. Twelve primary FET clinical publications are tabulated, with technical reports and wider cardiac-surgery evidence providing context. Re-exploration, postoperative drainage, estimated blood loss, transfusion and fabric oozing describe related but distinct phenomena. Established classifications, particularly the Universal Definition of Perioperative Bleeding (UDPB), provide a severity-reporting reference and should not be displaced by a new FET scale. We propose six parallel reporting domains: procedural context; bleeding measurement; haemostatic status; verified source; treatment exposure; and outcomes.. The study-level mapping shows that published FET reports often permit extraction of drainage, re-exploration or treatment exposure, whereas haemostatic status and a directly verified bleeding source are rarely recoverable from published reports. The dataset therefore makes these information gaps explicit and supports prospective evaluation; it does not infer an anatomical source from laboratory findings, drainage or treatment. The proposed reporting dataset is not a validated severity scale or treatment algorithm.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases of Timișoara, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Gheorghe Adam Street No. 13A, 300310 Timișoara, Romania",
    "Department of Doctoral Studies, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania",
    "Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases of Timișoara, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Gheorghe Adam Street No. 13A, 300310 Timișoara, Romania",
    "Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania",
    "Advanced Research Center of the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania",
    "Department VI Cardiology-Cardiovascular Surgery, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania",
    "Department of Doctoral Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universității Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania",
    "Department of Surgery X, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania",
    "Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases of Timișoara, Gheorghe Adam Street No. 13A, 300310 Timișoara, Romania",
    "Department III Functional Sciences, Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania",
    "Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Raluca Elisabeta Staicu",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-0173-3617"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Andrei Raul Manzur",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-6744-8261"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Marciana Ionela Boca"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Alina-Ramona Cozlac"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Pop-Crisan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Petru Deutsch"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Ana Lascu",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0600-1103"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/910tqj4cskawq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcm15218689",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "910tqj4cskawq",
  "issns": [
    "2077-0383"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8689",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-07",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/910tqj4cskawq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T00:21:41Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/jcm15218689",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8689"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Bleeding Following Frozen Elephant Trunk Surgery: A Proposed Reporting Dataset and Research Agenda",
  "title_text": "Bleeding Following Frozen Elephant Trunk Surgery: A Proposed Reporting Dataset and Research Agenda",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T00:21:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/910tqj4cskawq",
  "venue": "Journal of Clinical Medicine",
  "versions": []
}