{
  "abstract": "We numerically investigate the collision and fracture processes of ball milling based on a minimal model of a three-sphere geometry using discrete element method (DEM) simulations combined with Christensen-type and Weibull-type normalized fracture criteria. The outcome of the brittle target particle (ejected versus trapped, fractured versus intact) depends on the impact geometry and velocity. We develop a reduced three-sphere collision description in which trapping is governed by impact geometry and friction, while fracture inside the trapping regime is evaluated from DEM output using stress-based and contact-force-based normalized criteria. The trapping regime follows a closed-form geometric condition, while the critical conditions for fracture vary with impact angle, obliquity angle, impact velocity, and particle size ratio. Head-on collisions with larger size ratios require lower critical impact velocities for fracture.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2611.08435",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ziyi Cui"
    },
    {
      "name": "Qiong Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Suwei Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Richard M. Lueptow"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9153s26jqzhyh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2611.08435",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "9153s26jqzhyh",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.08435",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cond-mat.soft"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.app-ph"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2611.08435",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9153s26jqzhyh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T18:21:30Z",
      "native_id": "2611.08435",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.08435"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.app-ph",
      "subfield": "applied-instrumentation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:cond-mat.soft",
      "subfield": "condensed-matter"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Trapping and Fracture of Particles in Three-Sphere Ball-Milling Collisions",
  "title_text": "Trapping and Fracture of Particles in Three-Sphere Ball-Milling Collisions",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T00:20:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9153s26jqzhyh",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}