{
  "abstract": "Ocean forecasting is crucial for both scientific research and societal benefits. Large artificial intelligence (AI)-based models have recently boosted forecasting efficiency and accuracy. However, it remains challenging to develop a comprehensive AI-driven ocean forecasting system capable of integrating cross-spatiotemporal and atmospheric forcing. This study introduces LangYa, a cross-spatiotemporal and atmospheric forcing ocean forecasting system featuring: (1) a large-language-model-based (LLM-based) time embedding to explicitly represent forecast lead times, (2) an asynchronous cross-iterative random sampling strategy to represent the impacts of atmospheric forcing on ocean processes, (3) an ocean self-attention module to enhance network stability and accelerate training convergence, and (4) an adaptive loss function to capture ocean dynamics in the thermocline, at depths ranging from tens of meters to about 300 m. LangYa is trained on 27 years of global ocean data from the Global Ocean Reanalysis and Simulation, version 12 (GLORYS12). Using reanalysis and observational data, compared to existing open-source AI-based forecasting systems and numerical models, LangYa enables a single model to produce forecasts with lead times of 1 to 7 d (1/12°, daily) and achieves 7 d RMSEs below 0.0736 m/s, 0.0701 m/s, 0.4376 ℃, and 0.1302 psu for global currents, temperature, and salinity respectively. These quantitative results indicate that LangYa provides clear advantages in forecast accuracy, lead-time robustness, and stability for global OSV forecasting, demonstrating its potential for real-time operational deployment.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of AI Oceanography, Qingdao 266000, China",
    "Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address: fwang@qdio.ac.cn",
    "Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address: lixf@qdio.ac.cn"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Nan Yang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3864-1191"
    },
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Chong Wang"
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    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zimeng Zhao"
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    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Meihua Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huiling Zheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bin Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xiaofeng Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7038-5119"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/92q4x7ke14nja.bib",
  "cited_by": 22,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.scib.2026.08.001",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "92q4x7ke14nja",
  "issns": [
    "2095-9273",
    "2095-9281"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2026.08.001",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "openalex",
      "1910|Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes"
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  "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927326008674/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": "42580897",
  "published": "2026-08-02",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/92q4x7ke14nja.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T13:21:15Z",
      "native_id": "W7172206774",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2026.08.001"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1910|Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes",
      "subfield": "oceanography"
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  ],
  "title": "LangYa: a large AI model for global ocean forecasting",
  "title_text": "LangYa: a large AI model for global ocean forecasting",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/92q4x7ke14nja",
  "venue": "中国科学通报：英文版",
  "versions": []
}