{
  "abstract": "This work presents a dual-modulation strategy using 1-adamantanethiol (ADT), a rigid cage-like molecule, to simultaneously enhance the efficiency and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells. In contrast to conventional flexible small molecule modulators, ADT features a highly rigid three-dimensional adamantane skeleton that enables the formation of a stable steric barrier layer on the perovskite surface. Meanwhile, its terminal –SH group exhibits strong coordination affinity with undercoordinated Pb2+ ions, providing effective chemical passivation of surface defects. Beyond defect healing, the ADT treatment further modulates the interfacial energy-level alignment and optimizes charge carrier extraction and transport, as systematically verified by a suite of advanced optical characterizations, including transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Taken together, these techniques confirm accelerated carrier dynamics and suppressed recombination losses upon ADT passivation. All solution-processing steps were conducted in ambient air (20–25 °C, 40–60% RH), where the hydrophobic ADT layer protects the perovskite from moisture. As a result, the inverted perovskite solar cells fabricated entirely in ambient air incorporating ADT achieve a power conversion efficiency of 23.9%, alongside significantly enhanced operational stability, as evidenced by maintaining superior performance during 400 h of maximum power point (MPP) tracking under continuous illumination.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Sichuan Rangtang Huadian New Energy Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China",
    "Optoelectronic Sensor Devices and Systems Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Universities, College of Optoelectronic Engineering (Chengdu IC Valley Industrial College), Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China",
    "Sichuan Meteorological Optoelectronic Sensor Technology and Application Engineering Research Center, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China",
    "Information Materials and Device Applications Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Universities, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China",
    "Dongguan Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optical Field Manipulation and Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China",
    "State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fujie Cai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xin Deng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuwei Xia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Pengwei Wan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yong Du"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiangjian Cheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yifeng Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jiahao Deng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Yintong Pu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jingwen Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yong Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Chen Sun",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5962-2128"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Weifan Luo",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-2485-7592"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/93qpe5jevmd0r.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/molecules31193485",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666207/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "93qpe5jevmd0r",
  "issns": [
    "1420-3049"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666207",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Perovskite Materials and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214890600",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666207/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13666207",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/93qpe5jevmd0r.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:35Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13666207",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666207"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:42Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/molecules31193485",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/19/3485"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:1420-3049",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Efficient and Ambient-Air Processed Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Adamantanethiol as a Dual-Action Modulator",
  "title_text": "Efficient and Ambient-Air Processed Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Adamantanethiol as a Dual-Action Modulator",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:42Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/93qpe5jevmd0r",
  "venue": "Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)",
  "versions": []
}