{
  "abstract": "To address the commingling of different varieties of Ligusticum decoction pieces in the market and the difficulty of achieving rapid, efficient, and accurate on-site identification, this study aimed to develop a lightweight deep learning model that combines high identification accuracy with fast inference speed. Methods: Images of six categories of Ligusticum decoction pieces and their adulterants were acquired in an enclosed photographic light box to construct a standardized image dataset. Using ImageNet-pretrained weights, several high-accuracy models were selected as teacher models through comparative model evaluation, and knowledge distillation was subsequently employed to optimize the lightweight MobileNetV2 model as the student model. Finally, an interactive identification application was developed using PyQt5. Results: After knowledge distillation, the MobileNetV2 model achieved an identification accuracy of 99.73%, approaching the accuracy of the teacher models. Meanwhile, the distilled model contained only 2.23 million parameters, substantially fewer than the teacher models, thereby achieving both high identification accuracy and ease of deployment. Conclusion: The lightweight identification model developed in this study efficiently extracted high-level discriminative features from images of Ligusticum decoction pieces and their adulterants, enabling rapid and accurate identification and providing a feasible technical approach for the rapid on-site authentication of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences",
    "School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine",
    "Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Haoyu Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shangzhou Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shengting Liang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wentao Zhong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shenglin Luo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sijie Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ruifen Hao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Geng Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/957z5g5qfpaq6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1923842",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13737584/",
  "id": "957z5g5qfpaq6",
  "issns": [
    "1663-9812"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1923842/full",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1707|Advanced Neural Network Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223211471",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1923842/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13737584",
  "pmid": "42991496",
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/957z5g5qfpaq6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:06Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1923842",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1923842/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:22:44Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13737584",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1923842"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:1663-9812",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Knowledge distillation-based rapid identification of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix decoction piece varieties",
  "title_text": "Knowledge distillation-based rapid identification of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix decoction piece varieties",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:22:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/957z5g5qfpaq6",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Pharmacology",
  "versions": []
}