{
  "abstract": "Inflammation is an essential physiological process that preserves host homeostasis, yet chronic inflammation is now recognized as a common pathological basis of many diseases. In coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic inflammation is central to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Accordingly, anti-inflammatory therapy has emerged as a major focus of investigation in this field. Although multiple inflammatory pathways have been evaluated as therapeutic targets in clinical trials, strategies with demonstrated clinical benefit remain limited. In this review, we examine the sources of inflammation in CAD, approaches to inflammatory risk stratification, and advances in anti-inflammatory therapy. To explain divergent trial outcomes and guide future clinical translation, we propose a 4R framework: the right target, the right patient, the right timing, and the right benefit-risk balance. Anti-inflammatory treatment remains promising. Within this framework, refined inflammatory phenotyping and evaluation of stage-dependent efficacy represent immediate priorities for future trials.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China",
    "Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China",
    "Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China",
    "Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China",
    "Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China",
    "Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China",
    "State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China",
    "Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Miao Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ming-Yang Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Fen Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yuan-Fan Yuan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Ying-Mei Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Cheng-Chao Ruan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Yong Ji"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Peter Libby"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xiang Cheng"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/966zefn7nr757.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.scib.2026.09.081",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13723032/",
  "id": "966zefn7nr757",
  "issns": [
    "2095-9273",
    "2095-9281"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2026.09.081",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214909909",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927326012065/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13723032",
  "pmid": "42888064",
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/966zefn7nr757.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:21:43Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13723032",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2026.09.081"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Taming inflammation in coronary artery disease: lessons learned, translational breakthroughs, and future directions",
  "title_text": "Taming inflammation in coronary artery disease: lessons learned, translational breakthroughs, and future directions",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T12:21:43Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/966zefn7nr757",
  "venue": "Science bulletin",
  "versions": []
}