{
  "abstract": "Background: This meta‐analysis evaluated the efficacy of high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF‐rTMS) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with comorbid depression and insomnia.\n\nMethods: This analysis incorporated 7 studies, involving 709 subjects (control: 342; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation [rTMS]: 367). All included studies employed left DLPFC‐targeted HF‐rTMS. Treatment effectiveness for comorbid depression and insomnia was assessed. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore possible sources of heterogeneity.\n\nResults: HF‐rTMS significantly improved sleep quality (standardized mean difference [SMD] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.97 [0.23 to 1.71], p = 0.01) and depressive symptoms (0.61 [0.38 to 0.84], p < 0.00001). There was a non‐significant trend toward reduced sleep latency (0.50 [−0.17 to 1.18], p = 0.14). No significant difference in adverse reactions was observed (risk ratio [95% CI]: 1.09 [0.80 to 1.48], p = 0.57). Substantial heterogeneity was identified for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index outcomes (I 2 = 91%). Subgroup analyses indicated that this heterogeneity was attributed to variations in stimulation frequency and baseline antidepressant use.\n\nConclusion: Very‑low to low certainty evidence suggests that left DLPFC‑targeted HF‑rTMS may improve sleep quality and depressive symptoms in patients with depression and insomnia symptoms, with a favorable safety profile. However, due to substantial heterogeneity and methodological limitations, these findings should be considered exploratory and warrant confirmation by future high‑quality trials.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guangzhou First People Hospital Guangzhou Guangdong China",
    "Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Guangdong China",
    "Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College Guangzhou Guangdong China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wenqing Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Songbin Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaotong Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Junhui Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Li Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jin Yu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9820zmr7wwqvk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/brb3.71808",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13714347/",
  "id": "9820zmr7wwqvk",
  "issns": [
    "2162-3279"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71808",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2808|Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224089074",
  "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/brb3.71808",
  "pmcid": "PMC13714347",
  "pmid": "42947345",
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9820zmr7wwqvk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:21:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13714347",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71808"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2808|Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Efficacy of High‐Frequency Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Depression With Insomnia Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials",
  "title_text": "Efficacy of High‐Frequency Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Depression With Insomnia Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:21:51Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9820zmr7wwqvk",
  "venue": "Brain and Behavior",
  "versions": []
}