{
  "abstract": "Childhood obesity has become a major global public health concern. It is an early-onset systemic immunometabolic disorder closely associated with multi-organ complications, including insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (CVD). By linking adipose tissue immune remodeling with gut microbiota dysbiosis, this review proposes the gut microbiota-immune axis as an integrative framework connecting obesity-associated immunometabolic disturbances to multi-organ complications. It further explains how local pathological changes in adipose tissue may progressively develop into systemic inflammation and multi-organ damage. Mechanistically, adipocyte hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and lipolysis initiate local adipose tissue remodeling, characterized predominantly by pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization and activation of the Th1/Th17 pathways. Concurrently, diet-induced gut dysbiosis impairs the intestinal barrier, promotes metabolic endotoxemia, and reduces short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Adipose tissue immune remodeling and gut microbiota dysbiosis may establish a bidirectional immunometabolic feedback loop that sustains systemic metaflammation. This review examines the regulatory role of the gut microbiota-immune axis in obesity, delineates differences and evidence gaps between pediatric and adult obesity, and compares the shared and organ-specific mechanisms underlying various complications. Pediatric-specific biomarkers and emerging intervention strategies are also summarized. Collectively, these findings provide a conceptual basis for early risk screening in childhood obesity and for the prevention and management of obesity-related complications.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Hubei University of Chinese Medicine",
    "Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine",
    "Jianghan University Affiliated Hubei Third People’s Hospital"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yujing Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ping Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yanhui Peng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yue Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Enze Lei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jianzhong Liu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/99cevefw1kx5e.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1963905",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "99cevefw1kx5e",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1963905/full",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223684641",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1963905/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/99cevefw1kx5e.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1963905",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1963905/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Immunometabolic network of childhood common obesity: multi-organ comorbidities mediated by gut microbiota-immune axis",
  "title_text": "Immunometabolic network of childhood common obesity: multi-organ comorbidities mediated by gut microbiota-immune axis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/99cevefw1kx5e",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}