{
  "abstract": "This paper investigates the outage performance of large-scale low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellations using a stochastic-geometry framework. The ground-projected satellite distribution is modeled as a Poisson point process (PPP) that captures finite visibility and beam-hopping activity. Analytical outage expressions and approximations are developed under shadowed-Rician (SR) fading for two representative user–satellite association schemes: the optimal best-association rule and the practical nearest-association rule. For the latter, an Equivalent Integration Point (EIP) approximation is developed, replacing the outer serving-distance integral with a single evaluation at a representative distance, providing accurate yet tractable performance evaluation. Monte Carlo simulation results confirm the accuracy of the EIP approximation and demonstrate that nearest association offers a practical trade-off between reliability and selection complexity by requiring only distance information rather than instantaneous signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) evaluation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Electronic Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea",
    "School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jonghyun Bang",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-4935-9094"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Taehyoung Kim",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6986-4729"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/99ma6h534swrf.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/math14213899",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "99ma6h534swrf",
  "issns": [
    "2227-7390"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/14/21/3899",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2202|Satellite Communication Systems"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223695969",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/99ma6h534swrf.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:29Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/math14213899",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/14/21/3899"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "issn:2227-7390",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Outage Analysis of LEO Satellite Association Schemes Using Stochastic Geometry",
  "title_text": "Outage Analysis of LEO Satellite Association Schemes Using Stochastic Geometry",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:29Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/99ma6h534swrf",
  "venue": "Mathematics",
  "versions": []
}