{
  "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C) is a residual risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, whether sdLDL-C levels can predict the development of chronic kidney disease remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: or positive for urine protein. Cox proportional hazards model with a restricted cubic spline after adjustment for confounders showed a gradual increase in the hazard ratio (HR) for renal impairment with high levels of sdLDL-C. Compared with the L-sdLDL-C/L-LDL-C group (reference) the adjusted HRs for renal impairment were significantly higher in the H-sdLDL-C/H-LDL-C and H-sdLDL-C/L-LDL-C groups (1.13 [95% confidence interval 1.03-1.25] and 1.15 [95% confidence interval 1.03-1.29], respectively). The addition of a high sdLDL-C level (≥35.7 mg/dL) to traditional risk factors significantly improved the discriminatory capacity for renal impairment. CONCLUSIONS: A high calculated sdLDL-C level was an independent predictor for the progression of renal impairment regardless of LDL-C level in a general Japanese population.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Hiroki Aida"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marenao Tanaka"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tatsuya Sato"
    },
    {
      "name": "Koki Abe"
    },
    {
      "name": "Keitaro Nishizawa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wataru Kawaharata"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rie Matsumori"
    },
    {
      "name": "Itaru Hosaka"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yukinori Akiyama"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kei Nakata"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hidemichi Kouzu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Naoya Yama"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nagisa Hanawa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Masato Furuhashi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9am7rjjw922am.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1253/circj.cj-26-0114",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/90/10/90_CJ-26-0114/_article",
  "id": "9am7rjjw922am",
  "issns": [
    "1347-4820",
    "1346-9843"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/90/10/90_CJ-26-0114/_article",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "jstage-journal",
      "medicine/cardiovascular"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2727|Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7165946798",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/advpub/0/advpub_CJ-26-0114/_pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-25",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9am7rjjw922am.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.1253/circj.cj-26-0114",
      "source": "jstage",
      "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/90/10/90_CJ-26-0114/_article"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "jstage-journal:medicine/cardiovascular",
      "subfield": "cardiovascular"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A High Level of Calculated Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is an Independent Risk Factor for the Progression of Renal Impairment",
  "title_text": "A High Level of Calculated Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is an Independent Risk Factor for the Progression of Renal Impairment",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9am7rjjw922am",
  "venue": "Circulation Journal",
  "versions": []
}