{
  "abstract": "Objective: To provide national norms, percentiles, and results of factor analyses for the ADHD symptoms and performance items on the parent-report and self-report versions of the Vanderbilt Assessment Scale (VAS) for youth ages 6 to 17. We hypothesized that symptom items would demonstrate separate inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity factors, performance items would demonstrate interpretable latent dimensions, measurement invariance would be supported across age and sex, and symptom ratings would vary systematically by age and sex.\n\nMethod: In a nationally stratified survey conducted in 2025, 2,230 parents of youth aged 6-17 years and 996 adolescents aged 12-17 years completed Vanderbilt Assessment Scale items. Both versions asked about the frequency of 18 ADHD symptoms and performance in 8 domains. To evaluate the psychometric properties and age-related normative curves of the VAS across parent- and youth-report forms, we conducted exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and measurement invariance testing. We also generated age and sex-specific norms.\n\nResults: Factor analyses produced the expected two symptom factors and two performance factors. Developmental and sex-specific patterns of ratings of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms indicated that after increasing slightly during the preadolescent years, parent ratings of inattention symptoms declined and remained stable. In contrast, ratings of hyperactivity/impulsivity declined steadily with age. Normative data were generated using GAMLSS estimated centiles from fitted probability distributions.\n\nConclusions: This study provides norms for the parent-report and adolescent self-report VAS. Findings underscore the importance of using sex- and age-based norms to better inform estimates of severity and diagnostic decision making.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Nationwide Children's Hospital"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "S. W. Evans"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. K. Bhaskar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. A. Youngstrom"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. S. Owens"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. Rosenthal"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9b96hhd6wf7y6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.12.26365313",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.26365313v1.full",
  "id": "9b96hhd6wf7y6",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.26365313v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "psychiatry and clinical psychology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221662586",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.26365313v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9b96hhd6wf7y6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:49Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.12.26365313",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.26365313v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:psychiatry and clinical psychology",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Age- and Sex-Specific Norms for ADHD Symptoms and Performance on the Vanderbilt Assessment Scale",
  "title_text": "Age- and Sex-Specific Norms for ADHD Symptoms and Performance on the Vanderbilt Assessment Scale",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9b96hhd6wf7y6",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}