{
  "abstract": "Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted increasing interest as carbon-based nanomaterials due to their tunable surface chemistry, colloidal stability and low toxicity. Among them, magnetic carbon dots (MCDs) constitute a promising multifunctional subclass. In this work, magnetite-based magnetic carbon dots (Fe3O4-MCDs) were synthesized through a straightforward route using only ammonium ferric citrate and ethylenediamine as precursors. TEM revealed quasi-spherical Fe3O4-MCD nanohybrids with an average particle size of 12 ± 3 nm. XPS depth profiling employing Ar+ ion sputtering showed that these nanoparticles possess a magnetite-rich interior and a functionalized carbon-rich outer region. Furthermore, these nanoparticles self-assembled into hierarchical architectures with interparticle voids, resulting in a porous network with a specific surface area of 107 m2 g–1 and a pore volume of 0.431 cm3 g–1. In addition, the negligible coercivity and remanence are consistent with superparamagnetic-like behavior at room temperature, with a saturation magnetization of ∼60 emu g–1, facilitating rapid magnetic separation and redispersion. The Fe3O4-MCDs were evaluated for the adsorption of Congo red as a model pollutant, achieving an adsorption capacity of 121.6 mg g–1. Nonlinear kinetic analysis showed that adsorption followed the mixed 1,2-order model, while the Sips isotherm best described the equilibrium data. Overall, the results demonstrate that the Fe3O4-MCDs combine straightforward synthesis, high saturation magnetization, superparamagnetic behavior, and pollutant adsorption performance. These properties arise from their carbon/magnetite nanoarchitecture and engineered interfacial chemistry, promoting interactions with pollutants and highlighting their potential for multifunctional contaminant removal.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , , Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha , ,",
    "Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear , Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha , ,",
    "Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , , Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Rua Quatro, 786, Bauxita , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Arthur Hegermann Ferreira"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Pedro Lana Gastelois",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7849-5013"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Leandro Vinícius Alves Gurgel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fabiano Vargas Pereira",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6780-2890"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9c4sjfxzxttd2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c08673",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "9c4sjfxzxttd2",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c08673/5460307/Straightforward-Synthesis-of-Superparamagnetic",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224111678",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c08673",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9c4sjfxzxttd2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:40Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c08673",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c08673/5460307/Straightforward-Synthesis-of-Superparamagnetic"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Straightforward Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Fe3O4-Carbon Dot Nanohybrids for Environmental Remediation: A Model Study Using Congo Red",
  "title_text": "Straightforward Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Fe3O4-Carbon Dot Nanohybrids for Environmental Remediation: A Model Study Using Congo Red",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9c4sjfxzxttd2",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}