{
  "abstract": "We present a study of the interstellar molecular and atomic gas associated with the gamma-ray supernova remnant (SNR) RCW 103 using Mopra ¹² CO( J = 1–0), Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array ¹³ CO( J = 1–0), and Australia Telescope Compact Array and Parkes H i data. We find that CO clouds in the velocity range from −58.7 to −43.5 km s ⁻¹ show a clear spatial correspondence with the X-ray shell of RCW 103, particularly extending from the northwestern to the southeastern regions. The position–velocity diagram of the CO emission reveals an expanding gas motion with an expansion velocity of Δ V ∼ 7.5 km s ⁻¹ , which may have been produced by shock waves and/or stellar winds from the progenitor system. We estimate the total cosmic-ray proton energy to be ∼ 3 . 0 − 0.6 + 1.1 × 1 0 47 erg, adopting a total interstellar proton density of ∼810 cm ⁻³ . This value is more than an order of magnitude lower than those inferred for other gamma-ray-emitting SNRs of comparable age. Given that a substantial amount of dense gas remains within the interior of RCW 103, where thermal X-ray emission is dominant, our results possibly suggest that a significant fraction of the shock energy may have been converted into thermal energy via gas heating, thereby reducing the efficiency of cosmic-ray acceleration.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Gifu University",
    "Western Sydney University",
    "National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS)",
    "Nagoya University",
    "Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE)",
    "National Astronomical Observatory of Japan",
    "The University of Tokyo",
    "RIKEN Pioneering Research Institute",
    "National Institutes of Natural Sciences",
    "The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)",
    "Kagawa University",
    "The University of Adelaide"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 18,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Haruto Inoue",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-8705-5695"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Y. Asano",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-3558-3477"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "R. G. Bhuvana",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0160-8865"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "R. Z. E. Alsaberi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5609-7372"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "R. I. Yamada",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1865-4729"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "K. Tsuge",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2794-4840"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "T. Murase",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9552-3570"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Y. Fukui",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8966-9856"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "E. M. Reynoso"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "K. Tachihara",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1411-5410"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        5
      ],
      "name": "N. Izumi",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1604-9127"
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    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "M. Yamagishi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6385-8093"
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    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "K. Furuya",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2026-8157"
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    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9
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      "name": "N. Harada",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6824-6627"
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    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "K. Tokuda",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2062-1600"
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    {
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        11
      ],
      "name": "G. Rowell",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9516-1581"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "M. D. Filipović",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4990-9288"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hidetoshi Sano",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2062-5692"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9cpdpee8xfhs8.bib",
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  "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/ae9d56",
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    "1538-4357"
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  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
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  "pdf_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9d56/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
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  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "American Astronomical Society",
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  "title": "Molecular and Atomic Gas Associated with the Gamma Ray Supernova Remnant RCW 103",
  "title_text": "Molecular and Atomic Gas Associated with the Gamma Ray Supernova Remnant RCW 103",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9cpdpee8xfhs8",
  "venue": "The Astrophysical Journal",
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      "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2608.24187",
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      "relation": "preprint",
      "title": "Molecular and Atomic Gas Associated with the Gamma Ray Supernova Remnant RCW 103",
      "venue": "arXiv"
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}