{
  "abstract": "Streptococcus sinensis is an uncommon member of the viridans group streptococci reported in infective endocarditis (IE), but its genomic characteristics remain incompletely defined. We performed whole-genome sequencing of three S. sinensis isolates recovered from blood culture and valvular tissue from a single patient with IE and compared them with 199 public Streptococcus genomes. Orthology analysis, phylogenetic reconstruction, SNP analysis, VFDB and CARD screening, gene-specific BLAST, Pfam/HMMER analysis, read mapping, synteny comparison, in silico structural modeling, and erythrocyte hemolysis assays were integrated. The three isolates differed by only 0–1 SNPs and formed a near-clonal group. Core single-copy ortholog phylogeny placed S. sinensis closest to S. cristatus , followed by S. sanguinis and S. gordonii . The three isolates retained the host-interaction-associated genes eno , pavA , and plr / gapA and carried an identical 11,341-bp, 12-gene cyl -like block comprising 11 cyl -like genes and acpC . Core-gene phylogeny analysis indicated that the distribution of the complete block was lineage-associated. Gene-specific BLAST and read mapping confirmed full-length sequence conservation and complete mapped-base coverage of the block, while Pfam/HMMER supported enzyme- and transporter-associated domain assignments for several encoded proteins. Structural modeling predicted soluble enzyme-like folds for CylG-like and CylZ-like proteins and a membrane-permease-like architecture with transmembrane helices for CylB-like. On Columbia sheep-blood agar, all three clinical isolates showed visible hemolytic zones and exhibited detectable hemolytic activity in a sheep erythrocyte hemolysis assay. All three S. sinensis isolates shared a type 1 CARD-derived resistance-marker profile containing only Spne_parC_FLO . These findings clarify the phylogenomic position of the near-clonal clinical isolates and identify a shared cyl -like genomic region accompanied by measurable hemolytic activity, providing a basis for further investigation of their host-interaction and pathogenic potential.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University",
    "Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wei Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yanjun Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaochun Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuxiang Wan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Changzi Deng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jia Lin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Li Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qin Qin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9dded4hcdby33.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fmicb.2026.1990134",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13724373/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "9dded4hcdby33",
  "issns": [
    "1664-302X"
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  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1990134/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "2713|Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management"
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  "openalex": "W7222978295",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1990134/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13724373",
  "pmid": "42973593",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9dded4hcdby33.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:12Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fmicb.2026.1990134",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1990134/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:50Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13724373",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13724373"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:22:57Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13724373",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1990134"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
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  ],
  "title": "Comparative genomics identifies a cyl-like region in Streptococcus sinensis isolates from a patient with infective endocarditis",
  "title_text": "Comparative genomics identifies a cyl-like region in Streptococcus sinensis isolates from a patient with infective endocarditis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T03:21:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9dded4hcdby33",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Microbiology",
  "versions": []
}