{
  "abstract": "Rationale & objective\n\nChronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes are comorbid metabolic diseases that share common factors such as insulin resistance. Few studies have examined the association between CKD and incident diabetes, with limited consensus and associated risk factors. We conducted an analysis of participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in stroke study to investigate incident diabetes among participants with CKD compared with non-CKD participants.Study design\n\nA prospective cohort study.Setting & participants\n\nTotal of 7,511 participants who completed 10 years of follow-up were included in the analysis, of whom 994 had CKD (an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m² or albumin-to-creatinine ratio >30mg/g) at baseline.Exposure\n\nCKD.Outcome\n\nIncident diabetes.Analytical approach\n\nLogistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds of incident diabetes among CKD participants, with odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. Risk factors for incident diabetes among CKD participants were also examined.Results\n\nAfter 10 years of follow-up, 11.0% (717) of non-CKD participants and 15.8% (157) of CKD participants developed diabetes. Incident diabetes was higher among CKD participants than in non-CKD participants using creatinine-based equations, which was not seen when using a creatinine-based and cystatin C-based equation for CKD. Several risk factors such as race, prediabetes, age, body mass index, hypertension, current smoking, and exercise ≥ 4 times/week increased the odds of incident diabetes, whereas current alcohol use had a lower risk of incident diabetes. Prediabetes had the highest risk of incident diabetes (OR = 4.94, 95% Cl: 4.22-5.78; P < 0.01).Limitations\n\nAttrition bias, limited generalizability, and limited diagnostic classification.Conclusions\n\nThe association between CKD and incident diabetes depends on how CKD is defined. These findings highlight the need for future studies to explore how renal function is assessed when determining adverse outcomes related to CKD.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biostatistics, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.",
    "Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.",
    "Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI.",
    "Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.",
    "Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.",
    "Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.",
    "Department of Epidemiology, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xingsheng Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Javier A Jurado Vélez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nita Kanney"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Archie Landrum"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lloyd J Edwards",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7788-4575"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Orlando M Gutierrez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "D Leann Long"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Bertha Hidalgo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9dvpq6f8zj2zr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.xkme.2026.101498",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13677398",
  "id": "9dvpq6f8zj2zr",
  "issns": [
    "2590-0595"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898242",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2727|Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7202397692",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13677398?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13677398",
  "pmid": "42898242",
  "published": "2026-08-13",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9dvpq6f8zj2zr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42898242",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898242"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2727|Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals With CKD: The REGARDS Study.",
  "title_text": "Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals With CKD: The REGARDS Study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9dvpq6f8zj2zr",
  "venue": "Kidney medicine",
  "versions": []
}