{
  "abstract": "Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively assess and describe exclusive and combined use patterns across the full range of tobacco products, including emerging ones, to inform tobacco product surveillance. Methods: We analyzed Wave 7 data (collected between January 2022 and April 2023) from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, including 10,453 youth and 29,645 adults. We reported the frequency and weighted prevalence of current use across up to eleven tobacco products and used UpSet plots to visualize intersections of current tobacco use. We also examined the intersections among current nicotine pouch users, as a secondary analysis. Among current tobacco users, we fit multinominal logistic regression models to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco use patterns, with the single-product use as the reference category. Results: Among youth, we identified 41 distinct patterns of single and combined use, representing 6.0% of the U.S. youth overall; single-, dual-, and poly-use accounted for 4.9%, 0.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. Compared with single-product users, dual-users were more likely to have lower annual household incomes, and poly-users were more likely to be male. Among adults, we identified 183 distinct patterns of single and combined use, representing 24.7% of US adults overall; single-, dual-, and poly-use accounted for 17.2%, 5.5%, and 2.0%, respectively. Compared with single-product users, dual- or poly-users were more likely to be older, male, non-Hispanic Black, and have low annual household income. Conclusions: Tobacco surveillance and research should routinely assess a broad range of products, including emerging products, and explicitly characterize co-use patterns. Our findings support policies and intervention strategies that address multiple-product use and target high-risk subgroups, rather than focusing on single-product use.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "New York University, New York, New York, United States of America"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shu Xu",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6968-1674"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yelan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Luchang Cui"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sarah Hofmeister",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-1721-5836"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Raymond S. Niaura"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9e5tyhdcfrjnm.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360653",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13730317/",
  "id": "9e5tyhdcfrjnm",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360653",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Addiction"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Adults"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Age Groups"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Agriculture"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Agronomy"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Alkaloids"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Behavior"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Biology and Life Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemical Compounds"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Crop Science"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Education"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Electronic Cigarettes"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Ethnicities"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Habits"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Hispanic People"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Longitudinal Studies"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Medicine and Health Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Mental Health and Psychiatry"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Nicotine"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Nicotine Addiction"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "People and Places"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Physical Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Plant Products"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Population Groupings"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Psychology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Public and Occupational Health"
    ],
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    ],
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      "heading",
      "Research Assessment"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Design"
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    [
      "heading",
      "Research and Analysis Methods"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Schools"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Smoking Habits"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Social Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Sociology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Substance-Related Disorders"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Tobacco"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Smoking Behavior and Cessation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Agriculture/Agronomy/Plant products/Tobacco"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Agriculture/Crop science/Plant products/Tobacco"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Addiction/Nicotine addiction/Electronic cigarettes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Behavior/Habits/Smoking habits/Electronic cigarettes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Mental health and psychiatry/Substance-related disorders/Nicotine addiction/Electronic cigarettes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Public and occupational health/Substance-related disorders/Nicotine addiction/Electronic cigarettes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/People and places/Population groupings/Age groups/Adults"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/People and places/Population groupings/Age groups/Adults/Elderly"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical compounds/Alkaloids/Nicotine"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Research assessment"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Research design/Longitudinal studies"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Social sciences/Psychology/Addiction/Nicotine addiction/Electronic cigarettes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Social sciences/Psychology/Behavior/Habits/Smoking habits/Electronic cigarettes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Social sciences/Sociology/Education/Schools"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225184609",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13730317",
  "pmid": "42976169",
  "published": "2026-11-03",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9e5tyhdcfrjnm.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:20:43Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360653",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360653"
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:22:54Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13730317",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360653"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "heading:Biology and Life Sciences",
      "subfield": "general"
    },
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "heading:Chemistry",
      "subfield": "general"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:public and occupational health",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:mental health and psychiatry",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Patterns of tobacco product single and co-use – Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (PATH) wave 7 data",
  "title_text": "Patterns of tobacco product single and co-use – Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (PATH) wave 7 data",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:22:54Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9e5tyhdcfrjnm",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}