{
  "abstract": "Background: We aimed to establish thresholds for assessing clinically meaningful pain improvement after spinal injections using numerical rating scale (NRS) and patient-reported relative reduction (PRR) of pain. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 1,828 patients who received spinal injections at our spinal intervention center and completed a 2-week follow-up telephone interview in 2017. NRS absolute and relative reductions were calculated using the NRS scores before injection and at follow-up. The PRR and 5-point global perceived effect (GPE; 1, completely recovered; 2, much improved; 3, slightly improved; 4, no change; and 5, worsened) were recorded. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of NRS absolute reduction, NRS relative reduction, and PRR in the GPE 2 and 3 subgroups were calculated. Receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the cutoffs for NRS absolute and relative reduction and PRR in predicting the substantial clinically important difference (SCID, GPE 1–2) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID, GPE 1–3). Results: The mean ± SD of NRS absolute and relative reduction, and PRR in the GPE 2 and GPE 3 were 4.5 ± 1.8, 65.4% ± 21.1%, and 67.7% ± 14.8% and 2.4 ± 1.4, 36.8% ± 22.5%, and 35.7% ± 16.1%, respectively. The cutoffs for predicting SCID and MCID were NRS absolute reduction of ≥3 and ≥1, NRS relative reduction of ≥50% and ≥10%, and PRR of ≥50% and ≥20%, respectively. Conclusions: The NRS absolute and relative reduction and PRR thresholds were established to differentiate SCID and MCID in terms of pain improvement after spinal injections.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea",
    "Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yoonah Do"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wookon Son"
    },
    {
      "name": "Youngjune Kim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Choong Guen Chee"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yusuhn Kang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eugene Lee"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yeo Ju Kim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Joon Woo Lee"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9e80mf7xefrq4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361475",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "9e80mf7xefrq4",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361475",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2736|Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs/Arms"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs/Arms"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Pain"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Pain/Lower back pain"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Stenosis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Surgical and invasive medical procedures"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical compounds/Phosphates"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Research design/Retrospective studies"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Research design/Survey research/Questionnaires"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223678238",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0361475&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9e80mf7xefrq4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361475",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361475"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:surgical and invasive medical procedures",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Defining clinically meaningful pain reduction after spinal injections using an 11-point numerical rating scale and patient-reported relative reduction of pain",
  "title_text": "Defining clinically meaningful pain reduction after spinal injections using an 11-point numerical rating scale and patient-reported relative reduction of pain",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9e80mf7xefrq4",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}