{
  "abstract": "Self-excited induction generators (SEIGs) are extensively used in isolated micro-hydro and wind energy systems due to their rugged construction, low maintenance, and inherent short-circuit protection. However, the determination of optimal excitation capacitance remains a challenging nonlinear problem. The capacitor value directly governs voltage buildup, steady-state regulation, operating frequency, and power quality under varying speed and load conditions. This paper proposes a hybrid Grey Wolf Optimizer–Differential Evolution (GWO-DE) algorithm for optimal capacitor value calculation in three-phase SEIGs. The capacitor selection is formulated as a constrained single-objective optimization problem. Three design criteria (voltage-regulation quality, operating-speed range, and capacitor cost) are combined a priori through a fixed weighted-sum scalarization, based on the steady-state per-phase equivalent circuit incorporating core losses and a fifth-order polynomial magnetizing characteristic. An adaptive switching parameter transitions the search from GWO-dominant exploration to DE-dominant exploitation, while an elite archive and stagnation-triggered reinitialization prevent premature convergence. The proposed GWO-DE is benchmarked against PSO, standard GWO, GA, and Nelder-Mead across 24 operating conditions spanning six speed levels and four load levels. All reported optimization metrics are obtained from 30 independent runs. Results demonstrate that GWO-DE achieves 3.07× better mean fitness than PSO, 15.18× better than standard GWO, and 22.92× better than GA, with 38.7% faster convergence than PSO. The optimized capacitor maintains terminal voltage within ±5% of rated value up to 85% load, with voltage THD compliant with IEEE 519 limits. Experimental validation on a 3.7 kW laboratory SEIG prototype using a Fluke 435-II power quality analyzer confirms the predictions with an average error of 2.32%. A capacitor value contour map across the speed-load space is provided as a practical design tool for field installations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Electrical Engineering, SVERI’s College of Engineering",
    "Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, SVERI’s College of Engineering",
    "Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sanket Prakash Jadhav"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mrinal Kanti Rajak"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Meenakshi Mukund Pawar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Rajen Pudur"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9epagb26he33r.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-62604-1",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62604-1",
  "id": "9epagb26he33r",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62604-1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "Q"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1702|Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7169778742",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9epagb26he33r.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:42Z",
      "native_id": "29d9493c82a34b73805163c0e1f12d0f",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62604-1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:R",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Optimal capacitor value calculation for self excited induction generators using hybrid grey wolf differential evolution optimization with experimental validation",
  "title_text": "Optimal capacitor value calculation for self excited induction generators using hybrid grey wolf differential evolution optimization with experimental validation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:42Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9epagb26he33r",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}