{
  "abstract": "OBJECTIVES:: Primary objective: To determine the driving ability of adult ICU survivors 2 months after hospital discharge. Secondary objectives: Evaluate driving resumption at 3, 6, and 12 months; factors associated with driving resumption; and acceptability of a comprehensive driving assessment.\n\nDESIGN:: Observational cohort study.\n\nSETTING:: Certified driving assessment center in the United Kingdom.\n\nPATIENTS:: Adult ICU survivors who received mechanical ventilation (minimum 72 hr) and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.\n\nINTERVENTIONS:: A Driver Vehicle Licensing Agency-approved, driving ability assessment comprising physical and cognitive evaluation, and practical driving skills using a driving simulator, private track in-car assessment, and on-road in-car assessment.\n\nMEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:: We recruited 40 participants (median age, 53 yr [interquartile range (IQR), 46–64 yr]; 13 [32%] female) from six hospitals. Of these, 33 completed the driving assessment at a median of 12.5 weeks following hospital discharge. Twenty-six participants (79%) were assessed as capable of driving a standard vehicle; however, only 15 (45%) had resumed driving. Seven participants (7/33, 21%) were deemed unable to drive a standard vehicle due to either physical (n = 4/7, 57%), psychological (n = 2/7, 29%), or cognitive impairment (n = 1/7, 14%). Driving resumption following adaptations, retraining, or refresher lessons occurred in four participants (n = 4/7, 57%) in the 12-month study period. Self-reported driving resumption at 3, 6, and 12 months was observed in 21 (62%), 28 (82%), and 30 (91%) participants, respectively. Time to driving resumption ranged from 7 to 274 days following hospital discharge. Median (IQR) driving confidence (10-point Likert scale) increased from 7 (5–8) pre-assessment to 9 (7–10) post assessment (p < 0.05). Driving assessment acceptability was rated very good or excellent by 32 participants (97%).\n\nCONCLUSIONS:: Using a comprehensive driving assessment 3 months following hospital discharge, approximately three quarters of this cohort were deemed able to drive a standard vehicle, yet less than half had resumed driving. Of those with a driving-related impairment, most could resume driving following intervention.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.",
    "King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.",
    "QEF Mobility Services, Surrey, United Kingdom.",
    "University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.",
    "Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Surrey, United Kingdom.",
    "St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.",
    "Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, United Kingdom.",
    "Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Surrey, United Kingdom.",
    "University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.",
    "East and North Herts NHS Trust, Stevenage, United Kingdom."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 22,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chloe Apps",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4855-4243"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kate Brooks"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gillian Radcliffe"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Kieran Mahon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Patricia Helen Morris"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Gavin Saunders"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Michelle Giles"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Leah Homden"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Jessica Gregory"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Paula O’Shea"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Melanie Gager"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Liza Keating"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Amy Grimadell-Jones"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Lucy Pearson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Barnaby Sanderson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Slack"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Helen Vollmer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Katie Susser"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Manu Shankar-Hari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Natalie Pattison"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Louise Rose"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Joel Meyer"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9fdthste4n24p.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1097/ccm.0000000000007316",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13722437/",
  "id": "9fdthste4n24p",
  "issns": [
    "0090-3493",
    "1530-0293"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000007316",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Clinical Investigation"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3612|Older Adults Driving Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7168001495",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13722437",
  "pmid": "42725819",
  "published": "2026-09-11",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9fdthste4n24p.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:56Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13722437",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000007316"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Comprehensive Driving Assessment to Enable Driving Resumption in Adults Recovering From Critical Illness: A Prospective Cohort Study",
  "title_text": "Comprehensive Driving Assessment to Enable Driving Resumption in Adults Recovering From Critical Illness: A Prospective Cohort Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/9fdthste4n24p",
  "venue": "Critical Care Medicine",
  "versions": []
}